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  <updated>2013-05-23T13:52:35-04:00</updated>
  <author>
    <name>Rita Pal</name>
  </author>
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<entry>
    <title>Medical Protests in Uttar Pradesh</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/medical-protests-in-uttar-pradesh_b_3129675.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2013:/theblog//3.3129675</id>
    <published>2013-04-22T01:41:23-04:00</published>
    <updated>2013-04-23T09:54:37-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[Medical students in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh were expected to take to the streets in protest today, amid mounting outrage at the way state officials have replaced a national qualification with its local predecessor.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[Medical students in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh were expected to take to the streets in protest today, amid mounting outrage at the way state officials have replaced a national qualification with its local predecessor. <br />
<br />
The protest is the latest in a series of confrontations between the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/No-uppgme/473181296070460" target="_hplink">students and authorities</a>, which have led to scuffles and allegations of police brutality when Officers, apparently acting on orders from the state Government, attempted to break up otherwise peaceful protests. At the most recent incident, which took place in the state capital of Lucknow on the 25rd March 2013 an state official is reported to have told demonstrators that, <br />
<br />
<blockquote>"It's an order from State Govt. to conduct [the new examination] at any cost, and we will break your agitation by hook or by crook as and when we want to."</blockquote><br />
<br />
Trouble flared shortly after the state's medical students had taken their nationally recognised National Eligibility Entrance Test (NEET) exams in November and early December 2012. Their grades determine whether or not the students get a place (locally referred to as seats) on the postgraduate courses they so desperately need to continue their medical careers.<br />
<br />
However, NEET is unpopular with a number of private colleges, where seats - and, allegedly, results - are sometimes obtained in exchange for cash. Some colleges launched an action in India's Supreme Court to obtain exemption from the requirements of NEET, and, on December 13th 2012 the Court made an interim order that held the outcome of the just held November and December exams in abeyance until a final decision could be made.<br />
<br />
On the 13th February 2013, the Uttar Pradesh Government suddenly announced that students would have to sit the local, postgraduate entrance called the UPPGMEE on the 31st March - a mere 46 days in which to prepare for exams in 20 subjects that would influence their whole medical career.<br />
<br />
Understandably concerned, the state's medical students began a campaign to reinstate the exams they had already worked so hard for, and, indeed, had already sat. Speaking to the Director General of Medical Education, they were told, <br />
<br />
<blockquote>"We are facing lots of pressure from many [private] medical colleges to conduct the exams. Whatever may be the circumstances 5-10 seats are filled through the 'backdoor'". <br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
The Vice Chancellor of King George's Medical University, in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, told them, "The students of U.P. are weak in English and they can not understand the question paper of NEET. That's why UPPGMEE is necessary." No doubt this came as something of a surprise to the students who had, mere weeks previously, sat the NEET exams and were fully expecting to do well in them.<br />
<br />
Clearly, there was more going on here than a simple change in educational standards - talk of "backdoor" places and blatantly ridiculous "explanations" reek of corruption at the highest levels of the state's medical establishment, especially in view of the private colleges' Supreme Court action. Concerning though this is, however, it is not the current generation of students' top priority. They, seemingly with justification, fear that their careers will be sacrificed in order to satisfy the avaricious demands of private medical colleges, and the politicians in their corporate pockets. This is a national problem as illustrated by <a href="http://ibnlive.in.com/news/private-medical-colleges-in-three-states-selling-seats-for-crores/382979-3.html" target="_hplink">CNN-IBN's sting operation report</a>, however many of the colleges exposed were based were in Uttar Pradesh.  . <br />
<br />
Fortunately, the medical students of Uttar Pradesh are not easily discouraged. While continuing their fruitless dialogue with officialdom, they began a series of protests with candle-lit marches in medical colleges across the state, and a much larger rally was held in Lucknow on the 23rd February 2013.<br />
<br />
Still determined to reach a peaceful solution, the students sought relief from the Uttar Pradesh High Court. The court, however, escalated to the case to the Supreme Court without making any ruling, effectively putting justice beyond the financial reach of medical students.<br />
<br />
In desperation, 16 of the students began a hunger strike at King George's Medical University gate Number 1 on the 20th March 2013. Six days later, as the condition of 7 of the students deteriorated, police moved in to break up the protest, presumably because it was attracting the unwelcome attention of many high profile opposition politicians and community leaders who might support the students' cause.<br />
<br />
The students remain undeterred, however. In a remarkably short time, they have launched a petition to have the NEET exams reinstated and have obtained 2,500 signatures in a matter of days. They have also established a firm online presence, which they are using to collect and disseminate information about their campaign, and have written to India's President for support.<br />
<br />
After months of delay, during which the private colleges' application has languished some considerable way down the Cause List, India's Supreme Court has suddenly woken up to the difficulties it has - perhaps inadvertently - imposed upon a generation of medical students. As publicity has increased, so has the Court's willingness to reach a decision. All being well, the long awaited hearing should take place on Tuesday, 23rd April 2013.<br />
<br />
The students have no hope of having their voices heard in Court, but that has not prevented them from organising a swathe of public protests to take place across Uttar Pradesh in advance of the hearing, in the hope that the Court will take unofficial note of their views. Their courage and determination in the face of adversity and apparent corruption is impressive, and shows that Uttar Pradesh could - and should - have a medical profession to be proud of, if only the politicians would  allow them to get their careers off the ground.]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1100417/thumbs/s-UTTAR-PRADESH-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>Court Freezes Careers of 90,000 Indian Doctors</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/court-freezes-indian-doctors_b_3114494.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2013:/theblog//3.3114494</id>
    <published>2013-04-19T03:24:49-04:00</published>
    <updated>2013-04-19T07:57:52-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[90,000 doctors have had their careers stalled by the significant delays of India's Supreme Court. Fury gripped the medical community due to the bureaucratic nightmare that has pushed their patience to the limit.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[90,000 doctors have had their careers stalled by the significant delays of <a href="http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/" target="_hplink">India's Supreme Court</a> . Fury gripped the medical community due to the bureaucratic nightmare that has pushed their patience to the limit. Peaceful protests, fasts and petitions have been taking place all over India. The medical authorities have remained tight-lipped over this fiasco with no resolution in sight. <br />
<br />
The problems began last year when the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Eligibility_and_Entrance_Test" target="_hplink">National Eligibility Entrance Test[ NEET</a>] was rolled out to provide a "One Nation-One Exam" solution. This was done to reduce the increasing corruption in medical education that had become endemic. The matter was recently exposed by the channel <a href="http://ibnlive.in.com/news/medical-seats-for-sale-cd-of-sting-operation-submitted-to-mci/383371-17.html" target="_hplink">CNN-IBN  in a sting operation</a>. The operation demonstrated the following<br />
<br />
<strong>&bull; Medical colleges selling seats defying the Supreme Court order<br />
&bull; Officials demanding Crores for Postgraduate medical  [PG] seats<br />
&bull; Money Trumps merit: Will Future Doctors be incompetent?<br />
&bull; Legitimate students paid lakhs to vacate PG seats<br />
&bull; How colleges hire docs to fudge medical inspections<br />
&bull; Find out why your child may not get admission to medical college<br />
&bull; Medical seats for sale: Are colleges producing dummy docs?<br />
&bull; CNN IBN uncovers black market for PG medical seats</strong><br />
<br />
To throw further fuel on this fire, the Ex Health Minister admitted to a $30 billion dollar medical seat scam. He said <br />
<br />
<blockquote><strong>"Ultimately whose responsibility is it? It is the responsibility of the government, you cannot say that they are an autonomous body, take away their autonomy. You are asking the corrupt system to clean its corruption. The total amount involved is more than $30 billion every year. The big money goes to 100 colleges, $30 billion"</strong>. <a href="http://ibnlive.in.com/news/medical-seats-for-sale-dinesh-trivedi-says-30-billion-involved/383271-3.html" target="_hplink">CNN-IBN</a> </blockquote><br />
<br />
The NEET Exams have been plagued with numerous problems, the biggest being a challenge in the Indian Supreme Court by 76 medical colleges. They have requested an exemption to the NEET under <a href="http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1983234/" target="_hplink">Article 30</a>   of the Indian Constitution. <br />
<br />
While arguments and delays continue in the court, one order by the judiciary appears to have held the careers of 90,000 doctors to ransom. The order in December 2012 effectively stated that results would not be published until such time as the final judgment was delivered. Further details can be read <a href="http://www.ibtl.in/column/1369/90000-doctors-calling-wake-up-mr-health-minister" target="_hplink">here</a>.   and in an article by the <a href="http://30billiondollarscam.tumblr.com/post/48143474746/hindustan-times" target="_hplink">Hindustan Times</a> . <br />
<br />
The Health Minister announced <br />
<br />
<blockquote><strong>"In view of the order dated 13.12.2012 of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in T.C. Case No. 101 of 2012 and connected cases, permitting the Medical Council of India and Dental Council of India as well as the States and Universities and other Institutions to conduct their respective examinations for MBBS, BDS and Postgraduate courses and restraining them from publishing the result till the outcome of pending cases, it is open for the students from Andhra Pradesh to appear in NEET-2013 or EAMCET or both"</strong></blockquote><br />
<br />
Since then  Indian doctors have been playing a long waiting game with their careers on hold. These usually unassuming quiet population of doctors have been disenchanted with the current circumstances and remain effectively powerless against the Supreme Court. While representatives at the pressure group <a href="http://www.saveneetpg2012.com" target="_hplink">SaveNeetPG2012</a> are mounting an application to represent the <a href="http://www.saveneetpg2012.com/news-details.php?id=28" target="_hplink">medical issues to the court</a>, other doctors have set up petitions to protest against the injustice meted upon them. <br />
<br />
In 24 hours more than a thousand doctors signed this petition requesting that the government look into their plight [<a href="https://www.change.org/petitions/government-of-india-save-neet-pg" target="_hplink">SaveNeetPG</a> ] . Over the past week, they have hoped and prayed that the case is resolved. Sadly, these young doctors have watched by the way side while subjects like <a href="http://www.ibtl.in/column/1370/the-porn-supremacy" target="_hplink">pornography</a>  and <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-22178743" target="_hplink">Bollywood superstars</a>  appear to have been given more priority. The ever endless waiting game has turned into a wicked game played out in the public eye. <br />
<br />
You only have to read the petition  [ <a href="https://www.change.org/petitions/government-of-india-save-neet-pg" target="_hplink">Petition 1</a>   and <a href="http://www.change.org/en-GB/petitions/justice-jagdish-sharan-verma-request-for-intervention-in-the-case-affecting-the-rights-of-90-000-indian-doctors" target="_hplink">Petition 2</a>  ]  entries to understand the disaster caused by what can only be described as a bureaucratic nightmare. One doctor summarised their plight. He wrote <br />
<br />
<strong><strong>"Unemployed now because of the delay"</strong></strong><br />
<br />
Another wrote <blockquote><strong>"I'm also amongst those unfortunate , unwanted helpless MBBS doctor who has given this NEET exam and since then every aspect of my life is on stand still"</strong></blockquote><br />
<br />
One description of their reality was written on a blog post entitled <a href="http://shbhk.blogspot.in/2013/04/doldrums.html" target="_hplink">Doldrums</a> .  He wrote<br />
<br />
<blockquote><strong>"Anyway, life of most medical students, including me, have entered the doldrums. I, for instance, appeared in an interview out of the frustration of waiting for the results. Although I supposedly cleared the interview, I never got the joining letter after the medical check-up.. ... Most other students have been asked to commit for 6 months or something to get a job, which they can't because of the delayed results.. So, no job, no results""</strong><br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
While these doctors' eyes remain glued to the <a href="http://neetupdates.blogspot.co.uk/" target="_hplink">NEET Updates</a> , long term campaigner, Usha Mohan Das tweeted <br />
<br />
<blockquote>"There is a lot happening ! Been having tons of meetings! Lawyers are busy following up our cases". </blockquote><br />
<br />
Their disenchantment, anger and frustration can be read on the hashtag <a href="https://twitter.com/search?q=%23SaveNEETPG&amp;src=hash" target="_hplink">#SaveNEETPG</a>.  It is simply illogical for the Supreme Court to freeze the careers of 90,000 doctors while they pontificate on the finer points of the law. There is no reason why the career progression  of these doctors cannot be detached from this court case immediately. In the absence of dialogue from the current Health Minister, the Medical Council of India and officialdom, there appears to be no simple solution to this catastrophic predicament. This unacceptable and unjust situation will no doubt attract the scrutiny from the international medical community. <br />
<br />
Our medical colleagues in India require our solidarity and support to raise awareness of these unjust set of circumstances that have befallen them due to no fault of their own. It is time the basic rights of doctors were recognised and valued by the public. Public confidence and more importantly, patient safety is paramount. <br />
<br />
<strong>"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere". Martin Luther King.</strong>]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1048357/thumbs/s-KAISER-MENTAL-HEALTH-CARE-REPORT-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>Thatcher - England's Working Girl</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/margaret-thatcher-englands-working-girl_b_3042663.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2013:/theblog//3.3042663</id>
    <published>2013-04-09T04:56:21-04:00</published>
    <updated>2013-04-09T06:09:37-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[Baroness Margaret Thatcher passed away at the Ritz Hotel this week. I have felt a great sense of empathy for the manner in which the elderly Baroness was treated in the final years of her life. In short, I felt she was mistreated by the media and a number of people.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[Baroness Margaret Thatcher passed away at the Ritz Hotel this week. I have felt a great sense of empathy for the manner in which the elderly Baroness was treated in the final years of her life. In short, I felt she was mistreated by the media and a number of people. <br />
<br />
She gave much of the best years of her life to redeveloping England. Not all of us agreed with all of her decisions, but people forget that Thatcher was a working girl - she worked tirelessly to do the job she was elected for. The end result may not have been to everyone's liking, but her work ethic was beyond question. As a lady who was able to progress to the top of her career at a time when men ruled the world, she earned the name, "The Iron Lady" because she fought to win and never gave up. <br />
<br />
As a young girl in the Thatcher era, I remember a country that was a better and happier place, despite the troubles we faced. We did not have the political correctness that plagues the country today. Politicians were mercilessly mocked by Spitting Image, the scurrilous satire programme that made the nation  laugh. Comedy got away with many things that the current climate would never tolerate. Unlike her successors, Thatcher's government wasn't concerned about frivolity or appearance, they just tried to do their job. Later, we would see Blair's army of spinmeisters telling us what to think and what not to say. <br />
<br />
The standard of living in her time  was considerably better that it is today, and even when times were hard, I don't recall people complaining about the price of basic commodities as just about everyone does today. Even utility bills were not as extortionate as they are now. Whether or not the Thatcher government did it's job well is an altogether different question, and we could conduct endless historical post-mortems on what was right or wrong about it. In the end, though, the country was economically successful and the average person had more rights and freedoms. <br />
<br />
These days, with various laws passed by subsequent governments, the public has very little freedom of expression. Thatcher did not indulge in media spin, nor did she attempt to suppress criticism. The Police were not involved in censoring people who tried to speak their mind. At the time, we took those basic rights for granted. Little did we know that, slowly, those rights would be eroded until they barely exist. <br />
<br />
In her final years, the Daily Mail wrote about the <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-2075935/Margaret-Thatcher-Why-Iron-Lady-lonely-Christmas.html" target="_hplink">lonely Christmas</a> she would spend  , while other media articles detailed how she was ignored by her <a href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-276041186.html" target="_hplink">children </a>. This may or may not have been of great concern to her. We will never know her true feelings on the issue, as she would have been too tough to admit to loneliness. <br />
<br />
It is rather curious that, despite a period of ill health, she died at the <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2013/apr/08/lady-thatcher-final-months-ritz" target="_hplink">Ritz</a>   and not with her family. Following a spell in hospital,  she felt she could not manage the stairs of her Belgravia home, and, instead of moving into a care home, or going to live with relative, she wisely opted for the <a href="http://www.theritzlondon.com" target="_hplink">Ritz</a>  - a place that is reputed to be a home from home where all her needs could be catered for. The choice reflects her fiercely independent and practical nature. Of course, not every pensioner has access to the Ritz. <br />
<br />
During the last days of her life, she appears to have <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2256286/Lady-Thatcher-recuperates-The-Ritz-Former-PM-stays-luxury-suite-recovers-minor-surgery.html" target="_hplink">relied on her friends for company</a> . At least she had friends to take care of her but, again, there is no mention of her family. The last mention of her daughter, Carol Thatcher, centred around the <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1048858/Too-soon-far-Why-Im-saddened-Carol-Thatchers-tell-book-mothers-dementia.html" target="_hplink">book</a> detailing her mother's dementia. Some felt this undermined the dignity and privacy of the Iron Lady. Even worse, the media were debating her funeral while she was actually in good health. It was as if it were open season to mock a woman who was ill and unable to defend herself. A kind of "payback" for her past unpopular decisions. <br />
<br />
Of course, Baroness Thatcher is an example of the sad situation faced by elderly people in the UK. It is as if the younger generation casts them aside when their usefulness has come to and end. Like her, the elders of today once worked tirelessly to build the England we now have. <br />
<br />
The plight of today's elderly population is occasionally highlighted, but nothing ever seems to improve. Perceived as past their sell-by date - they are often forgotten by younger family members who are too busy being so ... busy.  <br />
<br />
A major report found that "Family breakdown is leaving a generation of elderly people isolated and without help [<a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1332215/Family-breakdown-leaving-generation-elderly-parents-isolated-lonely.html" target="_hplink">Daily Mail</a>] . According to a survey by the Relatives and Residents Association [R&amp;RA], at least 40,000 elderly people in care homes in England are living in isolation. About 13,000 are without "kith or kin" and have no contact by letter, calls or visits. These figures may well be an underestimate [<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11726691" target="_hplink"> BBC</a> ]. <br />
<br />
Is this what society has come to? Are our lives so self centred that we ignore our elders who gave us so much? Baroness Thatcher was one of England's hardest working girls. Yet, even after achieving greatness and being at the top of her profession, she was not treated with as much respect/care as she deserved in her final years. <br />
<br />
What hope is there for the rest of our elderly folk? And what does their current plight say about the kind of people we have become? Kindness is free, it costs nothing to check on your elderly neighbours and relatives, have a cup of tea with them, ring them or send them cards/letters etc. After all, you can be sure that, if you don't, your time will be consumed by one pointless, 21st Century escapade or another.]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1075831/thumbs/s-THATCHER-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>Bradley Manning - A Case of Whistleblower Reprisal</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/bradley-manning-whistleblower-reprisal_b_2865731.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2013:/theblog//3.2865731</id>
    <published>2013-03-13T03:52:20-04:00</published>
    <updated>2013-05-12T05:12:01-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[This is the 21st Century; witch hunting the whistleblower should be an outdated pastime. The Obama administration should develop the insight that the justified concerns raised by a whistleblower have to be investigated and those allegedly responsible for war crimes bought to justice.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[<blockquote><strong><strong>"In a time of universal deceit - telling the truth is a revolutionary act" George Orwell.</strong></strong></blockquote><br />
<br />
Since 9/11, the US has instigated a number of conflicts in the Middle East in the war against terror. The civilian <a href="http://www.iraqbodycount.org/" target="_hplink">body count</a> is high but the actual number is unknown. Some may argue that loss of life is acceptable during war. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://twitter.com/davidsirota" target="_hplink">David Sirota </a> wrote <br />
<br />
<blockquote>"One form of privilege is the privilege of not having to care about the killing of others who live far away and look different than you"</blockquote><br />
<br />
<strong>What is the price of a civilian life? </strong><br />
<br />
Those of us who remain powerless to prevent such losses are simply observers by the wayside. Bradley Manning was in a different position. He was in a position to raise the alarm and do something about it. This US Army soldier was arrested in May 2010 for an alleged leak of classified documents to the website <a href="http://wikileaks.org/" target="_hplink">WikiLeaks </a>. Hedges summarised the contents of the documents <a href="http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/we_are_bradley_manning_20130303/" target="_hplink">here </a><br />
<br />
<blockquote>"Manning provided to the public the most important window into the inner workings of imperial power since the release of the Pentagon Papers. The routine use of torture, the detention of Iraqis who were innocent, the inhuman conditions within our secret detention facilities, the use of State Department officials as spies in the United Nations, the collusion with corporations to keep wages low in developing countries such as Haiti, and specific war crimes such as the missile strike on a house that killed seven children in Afghanistan would have remained hidden without Manning."</blockquote><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/mar/12/bradley-manning-tapes-own-words" target="_hplink">Glenn Greenwald </a>describes the shroud of secrecy that has surrounded the court martial proceedings of this 25-year-old. The <a href="https://pressfreedomfoundation.org/blog/2013/03/fpf-publishes-leaked-audio-of-bradley-mannings-statement,%20the%20group%20received%20a%20full,%20unedited%20audio%20recording%20of%20the%20one-hour%20statement%20Manning%20made%20in%20court%20two%20weeks%20ago%20and%20published%20it/" target="_hplink">Freedom of the Press Foundation (FPF)</a> writes :- <br />
<br />
<blockquote>"Manning explains his motives, noting how he believed the documents showed deep wrongdoing by the government and how he hoped that the release would 'spark a domestic debate on the role of the military and our foreign policy in general as it related to Iraq and Afghanistan'"</blockquote><br />
<br />
Having viewed short film, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6L79wWAFUqg" target="_hplink">Providence </a>and the alleged misconduct of the aerial weapons team, I asked a question on Twitter that was accompanied by a reality check. <a href="https://twitter.com/johncusack" target="_hplink">Mr John Cusack</a>, actor, board member of FPF and tireless activist wrote<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"<strong>Yet it's Manning facing life </strong>"@dr_rita39: If the aerial weapons team conducting in an unlawful manner, surely, they should be tried".</blockquote><br />
<br />
So we ask the question - why is Manning facing life and why has there been no investigation into those who may have committed alleged war crimes? Despite searching for evidence of an investigation into Manning's concerns, there appears to be little written about it. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://humanrightsinvestigations.org/2013/03/01/bradley-manning-and-the-collateral-murder-video/" target="_hplink">Human Rights Investigations </a>writes: <br />
<br />
<blockquote>"The extract below, from Manning's statement, deals with the 'collateral damage' video which Manning courageously leaked to Wikileaks, and which shows civilians, including two cameramen, being attacked and killed by a US helicopter gunship. The Pentagon repeatedly denied the existence of this video and refused to release it when requested under the Freedom of Information Act. Those responsible for this war crime have faced no justice."</blockquote><br />
<br />
Notably while there are endless petitions to free Manning, the US media and public have not demanded an investigation into the concerns raised by him. Instead, the attention of the US government has focussed - not on saving life but on <a href="http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/12/12/bradley-manning-in-court-idealist-or-emotionally-unstable/" target="_hplink">character assassinating Manning</a>. It is abundantly clear that part of the process is to put this <a href="http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/03/16/us-explain-conditions-bradley-manning-s-confinement" target="_hplink">25-year-old through so much that he breaks</a>. Manning has not broken. <br />
<br />
The message the US government is sending out is that breaking protocol is more important than the protection of civilian life. It appears that civilian life during war is not given much importance. <br />
<br />
Manning is young enough to have the idealism and innocence of wishing to <em>'make a difference to the world'</em>. As we become older, our world view becomes rather more cynical and self obsessed. We care less and less about the world around us and most of us may even give up on trying to make a difference. Manning's reward for trying to make a difference may be a potential life sentence. This phenomena is essentially known as <a href="http://nation.time.com/2011/10/20/why-military-whistleblowers-fear-reprisal/" target="_hplink">whistleblowing reprisal</a> , demonstrating that no good deed goes unpunished.<br />
<br />
Manning is a victim of the long poor track record of the Pentagon's mistreatment of whistleblowers. A report described <a href="http://rt.com/usa/pentagon-whistleblower-reprisal-report-697" target="_hplink">here</a>  demonstrates that raising concerns may well get you punished if you serve in the US military. If you complain about unlawful reprisals, there is no protection. <a href="http://nation.time.com/2012/02/22/investigators-prematurely-closed-military-whistleblower-reprisal-cases-2/" target="_hplink"><em>Time</em> magazine</a> went onto further outline the Pentagon's habit of prematurely closing whistleblower reprisal cases. <br />
<br />
This is the 21st Century; witch hunting the whistleblower should be an outdated pastime. The Obama administration should develop the insight that the justified concerns raised by a whistleblower have to be investigated and those allegedly responsible for war crimes bought to justice. Manning provides us with a snapshot of potential violations. We do not even know the true extent of alleged crimes committed in the name of war. <br />
<br />
"<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/sep/05/obama-campaign-brags-about-whistleblower-persecutions" target="_hplink">In 2008, candidate Obama hailed whistleblowing as "acts of courage and patriotism", which "should be encouraged rather than stifled as they have been during the Bush administration</a>". It is time Obama stood by his word and accepted that on occasion it is impossible to follow protocol in the face of known internal failures in whistleblower protection. <br />
<br />
The plight of the innocent has to be protected and respected. If Obama values civilian life, he will instigate a full blown investigation into the serious concerns raised by Manning. <br />
<br />
For his role in raising the alarm, <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/daniel-ellsberg/bradley-manning-military-court-speech_b_2859353.html" target="_hplink">Manning should be congratulated and honoured - not character assassinated and hauled up as an example.</a> <br />
<br />
<strong>One man in the US Army had the courage to stand by what is right. Everyone should stand by him in solidarity. </strong><br />
<br />
With thanks to <a href="https://twitter.com/johncusack" target="_hplink">Mr John Cusack</a> for his tireless work in raising awareness in this case.]]></content>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>NHS Gagging Clauses</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/nhs-gagging-clauses_b_2701382.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2013:/theblog//3.2701382</id>
    <published>2013-02-16T10:01:21-05:00</published>
    <updated>2013-04-18T05:12:01-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[The debate over so-called "gagging clauses" in NHS employment disputes rumbles on, doubtless fuelled by the outcome of the Mid Staffordshire inquiry. In an emotional, knee-jerk reaction, calls for a ban on such "gagging clauses" are reaching fever pitch.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[The debate over so-called "gagging clauses" in NHS employment disputes rumbles on, doubtless fuelled by the outcome of the Mid Staffordshire inquiry. In an emotional, knee-jerk reaction, calls for a ban on such "gagging clauses" are reaching fever pitch.<br />
<br />
For readers who have never been involved in legal wrangles with employers, or anyone else, yet may feel tempted to hold an opinion on something they know next to nothing about, I present an extremely abridged and incomplete overview of how things often work:<br />
<br />
<ol><li>An employee enters into a dispute with their employer, and they part company on bad terms. The rights and wrongs of the dispute are irrelevant for these purposes; it is enough to know that employer and former employee are at loggerheads.</li><br />
<br />
<li>The ex-employee, feeling aggrieved, begins legal proceedings against their former employer, who, also feeling aggrieved, defends the action to the hilt. At this point, they become Claimant and Respondent, respectively.</li><br />
<br />
<li>Legal (un)pleasantries are exchanged, forms are filled in, witness statements are obtained, and documentary evidence is requested from various parties.</li><br />
<br />
<li>The Claimant may begin to realise that, firstly, these things take a very long time which could be more usefully and enjoyably spent doing almost anything else, and, secondly, that lawyers are very, very expensive.</li><br />
<br />
<li>The Respondent, in all probability, begins to realise the same things.</li><br />
<br />
<li>At this point, and at all points during the proceedings right up to and including final hearings, the parties have a choice. They can fight on to the bitter end, each convinced that they are in the right and that having their day in court is worth any amount of time, money, inconvenience and stress, or they can come to an agreement amongst themselves to end the proceedings here.</li><br />
<br />
<li>This is usually referred to as "settling" the case, and often involves the Claimant receiving a sum of money - and, perhaps, some additional promises or undertakings to do, or not do, certain things - from the  Respondent in exchange for the Claimant making some promises of their own. The nature of these undertakings, and any sums to be paid, are largely at the discretion of the parties; no party need agree to anything they don't like, and there is usually a great deal of back and forth negotiation between the parties before they arrive at something they're all happy with.</li><br />
<br />
<li>If agreement is reached, it goes before the court / tribunal hearing the case, where it is checked over for obvious problems - for example, the parties can't agree to anything illegal, amongst other things. Assuming all is well, the court makes an order, called a Consent Order, in which the terms of the agreement become legally binding on the parties involved.</li><br />
<br />
<li>It is important to understand that, at this point, there has been no finding of guilt or innocence in the case and neither party has been found to be right or wrong (unless some kind of admission is made in the Consent Order) - they have simply agreed to stop fighting.</li><br />
<br />
<li>It is likely that the Claimant has made, or intends to make, allegations against the Respondent which, whether they are true or false, may be damaging to the Respondent's reputation. Consequently, it is not unreasonable for the Respondent to seek to protect that reputation by making the Claimant's ongoing silence a condition of their settlement - the so called "gagging clause". After all, where would be the point in the Respondent settling the case, and paying lots of cash to someone whose allegations they vigorously deny, if the Claimant can go right on making those allegations - perhaps even using the Respondent's own money to do so?</li></ol><br />
<br />
So there you have it - "gagging clauses" in a nutshell. The important take away point is that nobody is forced to settle a case - they're called Consent Orders for a reason!<br />
<br />
If the Claimant believes that the public interest is best served by bringing their disagreement with the Respondent into the public arena, there is absolutely nothing to stop them taking their case to hearing. There, in open court, under cross-examination, in witness statements and through exhibited evidence, they are free to rehearse every aspect of their case before the judge / chairman, citizens lurking out of the rain in the public gallery and creatures of the press looking for a story. Subject to orders to the contrary, it will all become public knowledge that can subsequently be quoted, reproduced and generally disseminated as needed, without a gagging clause in sight - it's whistleblowing Nirvana, but might cost the Claimant a fortune if they lose.<br />
<br />
On the other hand, if the Claimant settles their case, they might make a tidy profit, but they cannot expect a second bite of the publicity cherry in the name of the public interest. They have agreed to remain silent, and to the consequences of breaking their word - for that is what it amounts to - and they have, in many cases, pocketed a substantial sum for the privilege. In doing so, they have effectively sold their right to discuss certain things.<br />
<br />
You would not expect to buy a second hand car, only to see the (former) owner drive it away with your money in the glove compartment, so why should a former Claimant, now in whistleblower's garb, make off with the Respondent's cash while singing like a canary? Moreover, if they couldn't keep the word they sold, why should we believe the allegations they subsequently make for free?<br />
<br />
Ironically, if "gagging clauses" were to be banned, these individuals would probably lose the most. With the primary incentive to settle removed, Respondents are far more likely to fight on to hearing in the hope of winning. Only the lawyers - who get paid win or lose - stand to profit. I wonder how many of them are actively campaigning for the proposed ban?]]></content>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>Patient Safety at Mid Staffordshire and North Staffordshire</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/staffordshire-nhs-scandal_b_2641275.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2013:/theblog//3.2641275</id>
    <published>2013-02-10T19:00:00-05:00</published>
    <updated>2013-04-12T05:12:01-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[A long overdue public inquiry into the appalling standards of care at Mid Staffordshire NHS Trust is complete. The findings are not unexpected.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[A long overdue public inquiry into the appalling standards of care at <a href="http://www.midstaffsinquiry.com/" target="_hplink">Mid Staffordshire NHS Trust</a> is complete. The findings are not unexpected. <br />
<br />
It is, however, a matter of grave concern that such efforts should be necessary before the plight of patients on sub-standard wards is noticed. Indeed, in many cases, complaints of poor treatment are more likely to be concealed than made the focus of any meaningful investigation.<br />
<br />
In 1998, I raised concerns about poor care witnessed on Ward 87 at University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust and elsewhere. Having made no progress with the Trust, I finally saw no further option other than to take the matter public in early 2000 [<a href="http://themedicaljournalistoncall.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/professor-john-temple-world-has-changed.html" target="_hplink">Evening Mail</a>  and <a href="http://themedicaljournalistoncall.blogspot.co.uk/2012/11/elderly-helped-to-die-2nd-april-2000.html" target="_hplink">Sunday Times</a> ]. Concerns were raised with the Department of Health and 10 Downing Street.<br />
<br />
I was unaware that the publicity had forced the Trust to undertake a detailed internal investigation into my concerns, which found them to be largely upheld . Indeed, the Trust went to great lengths to keep knowledge of those findings - and their very existence - from me. Furthermore, the Trust released a statement to Stoke Radio on the 3rd April 2000 stating (amongst other things)  <br />
<br />
<blockquote>"Where allegations were made about the treatment of specific patients, case-notes were reviewed and her claims could not be substantiated."</blockquote><br />
<br />
I raised my concerns with the GMC, which then began to investigate me, instead of the doctors responsible for the poor standards of care that I had witnessed. As the Guardian describes <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/dec/11/nhs-whistleblowers-persecution" target="_hplink">here</a>, by 2003, I had little choice other than to litigate against the GMC. I won the <a href="http://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/markup.cgi?doc=/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2004/1485.html&amp;query=Pal+and+V+and+GMc&amp;method=boolean" target="_hplink">first hearing</a> -subsequently the GMC settled. <br />
<br />
Through the litigation,  I learned that they had commissioned the then Regional Director of Public Health, Professor Rod Griffiths, to investigate my concerns - largely because it was, in their own words, a "high profile" issue - and that, astonishingly, he had eventually reported back to the GMC that all was, more or less, well.<br />
<br />
In making a complaint to the GMC about Professor Griffiths' conduct in this matter, I learned of the Trust's report into my initial concerns, and tried to obtain a copy. The Trust refused, even though it was needed for a complaint before the GMC. Eventually, I was able to force the GMC to (reluctantly) obtain a copy, which they then refused to disclose  to me, (allegedly) returning their only copy to the Trust when I threatened to litigate - again! - to obtain it. [ <a href="http://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20080824013726/http://www.nhsexposed.com/patients/hospitals/nstaffs/dr-rita-pal-wins-at-ico.shtml" target="_hplink">Report Extraction</a> ]<br />
<br />
In 2005, after Ward 87 was  closed down, a heavily redacted report sent to me. The redacted copy is available <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/ward87whistleblower/" target="_hplink">here</a>. Worryingly the Department of Health,  GMC,  Care Quality Commission (CQC), Health Ombudsman, NMC, the coroner and others have refused to inform the relatives of those who died, of the report's findings [ <a href="http://themedicaljournalistoncall.blogspot.co.uk/2012/11/whistleblowing-in-wind.html" target="_hplink">Private Eye</a> ]  <br />
<br />
The damning report was based on minority data - my list of 29 patients over one week. No wider detailed investigation has ever been conducted. The problems existed long before that week, and continued to exist long after it with no method to calculate local ward mortality rate.<br />
<br />
The Commission for Health Improvement (CHI), a forerunner of the CQC, reported problems at the Trust in 2002, many months after the Trust's internal report was completed, yet there has never been a wider investigation to determine exactly how many patients' care was impacted, or how many may have died needlessly.<br />
<br />
Certainly, at around that time, North Staffordshire NHS Trust's litigation costs were far higher than those of Mid Staffordshire - <br />
<br />
Mid Staffordshire General Hospitals NHS Trust            &pound;652,418<br />
North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust  &pound;106,764<br />
University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust    &pound;3,515,590<br />
<strong>Source- Hansard [15 Mar 2006 : Column 2326W]</strong><br />
<br />
Even the CQC admits privately that death rates at the Trust were abnormally high. In an email dated 9th December 2009 at 13.15, Chris Sherlaw-Johnson, the Surveillance Manager at the CQC, wrote to his colleague, Sarah Seaholme, <br />
<br />
<blockquote><strong>"Earlier data from Dr Foster does suggest that they did have more concerning mortality in years before 2003/4"</strong>. <br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
Of course, by then, the CQC felt it was "too late" to investigate that concerning mortality.<br />
<br />
Consequently, nobody has been held accountable for the circumstances I drew attention to. The consultant responsible for the ward was given a national award. Professor Griffiths, the then Regional Director of Public Health, NHS Executive West Midlands, retired after the <a href="http://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20080824013720/http://www.nhsexposed.com/healthworkers/doctors/gmc/gmc-in-the-dock.shtml" target="_hplink">GMC complaint</a>.  Professor <a href="http://themedicaljournalistoncall.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/professor-john-temple-world-has-changed.html" target="_hplink">John Temple</a>,  who was responsible for adequate junior supervision, continues to be revered in the <a href="http://www.mee.nhs.uk/pdf/SirJohnTempleCV.pdf" target="_hplink">National Health Service</a> . <a href="http://themedicaljournalistoncall.blogspot.co.uk/2013/02/mr-david-fillingham.html" target="_hplink">David Fillingham</a>, Chief Executive at the time, went from North Staffordshire to Royal Bolton NHS Trust  where he presided over a spike in mortality rates.<br />
<br />
Had appropriate action been taken in 1998, I believe that many lives could have been saved, but the responsibility for that failure does not end with University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust. By 2006, at the latest, both that Trust and  Mid Staffordshire NHS Trust fell under the control of West Midlands Strategic Health Authority, as run by <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2012/feb/23/cynthia-bower-shadow-stafford-hospital" target="_hplink">Cynthia Bower</a>, who later ran the CQC.<br />
<br />
The SHA, the CQC and their forerunners were all aware of my concerns. They could have compared the mortality rates at North Staffordshire with others in the region, including Mid Staffordshire. Had they done so, the Mid Staffordshire scandal may have come to light years earlier, saving countless lives. Instead, it was left to campaigners like Julie Bailey to expose problems via the media. <br />
<br />
Ward 87 had no campaigners. No one knew of the serious medical shortfalls in care. Relying on whistleblowers and complainants to raise concerns is an unreliable way to detect early problems in patient safety. Dr Foster's statistics only detects mortality abnormalities, late in the day, when lives have been lost. Mid Staffordshire Inquiry has not developed a better solution to date nor has it ever acknowledged these serious obstacles placed in the way of junior whistleblowers.]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/984019/thumbs/s-STAFFORDSHIRE-NHS-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>Human Rights Abuses in Kashmir</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/human-rights-abuses-in-ka_b_2259557.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.2259557</id>
    <published>2012-12-07T16:02:07-05:00</published>
    <updated>2013-02-06T05:12:01-05:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[It is not clear to me why the human rights abuses within Jammu and Kashmir (Indian administered) have not been headline news all over the world. Certainly, the Indian media appears to have muted the events in Kashmir.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[It is not clear to me why the human rights abuses within Jammu and Kashmir (Indian administered) have not been headline news all over the world. Certainly, the Indian media appears to have muted the events in Kashmir. <br />
<br />
The types of abuses against civilians ongoing since the 1990s include: mass killings, forced disappearances, torture, rape, sexual abuse, political repression and suppression of free speech. Those accused are the Indian central reserve police force, border security personnel and militant groups. In 2010, the <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/16/wikileaks-cables-indian-torture-kashmir" target="_hplink">UK's Guardian newspapers</a>  described dispatches obtained by Wiki-Leaks. US officials had evidence of widespread torture by the Indian police and security forces. US diplomats in Delhi were briefed in 2005 by the International Committee of the Red Cross [ICRC] about the use of electrocution, beatings and sexual humiliation against hundreds of detainees. In 2010, the <a href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-07/india/28239581_1_crpf-personnel-security-forces-afspa" target="_hplink">Times of India</a>  wrote <br />
<br />
<blockquote><em>"According to the latest statistics, the number of civilians killed in firings by security forces is almost three times the number of those killed in actions by terrorists". </em></blockquote><br />
<br />
In July 1990, the Indian military was given special powers under Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958(AFSPA). At the time, human rights groups claimed that this gave the security force blanket immunity against any crimes committed. Calls for a change have been unsuccessful. Senior army officials pointed out that in Manipur, the withdrawal of AFSPA from urban centres led to a surge in violence in those areas. More recently, the government stated it as not prudent to repeal the AFSPA . <a href="http://www.ibtimes.com/india-ignoring-rights-abuses-kashmir-report-926263" target="_hplink">The International Business Times</a> wrote:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"Defence Minister AK Antony said last month that hasty decisions could not be taken regarding the withdrawal of the Act since infiltration from across the Line of Control (LoC) had increased. The Defence Ministry and the Army have been strongly opposing withdrawal of the AFSPA from the state, saying that such a step could adversely impact the security architecture in the region"</blockquote><br />
<br />
<br />
Human Rights Watch has produced some vital reports regarding the human rights abuses meted out on the people of Kashmir since the early 1990s. Their 1996 report "<a href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,HRW,,PAK,,3ae6a8558,0.html" target="_hplink">Human Rights Watch, India's Secret Army in Kashmir: New Patterns of Abuse Emerge in the Conflict, and 1 May 1996</a>"  is a harrowing read. Their report Human Rights Crisis in Kashmir can be downloaded <a href="http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/INDIA937.PDF" target="_hplink">here</a>. Asian Watch and Physicians for Human Rights have also reported their findings, stating:<br />
<br />
 <blockquote><em>"Indian forces in Kashmir have engaged in massive human rights violations, including extrajudicial executions, rape, torture and deliberate assaults on health care workers. Armed insurgent groups have murdered  Hindu and Muslim civilians, summarily executed persons in their custody and have committed rape, assault, kidnapping and indiscriminate attacks which have injured  and killed civilians". </em></blockquote><br />
<br />
When inquiries have been ordered into these allegations of abuses, the investigations are frequently never conducted and the findings not made public. The Indian government has been largely dismissive of many of the allegations raised. The report <a href="http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/INDIA935.PDF" target="_hplink">Rape in Kashmir</a>  was equally critical. <br />
<br />
The cumulative result is a community struggling from day to day. Kashmir has one of the highest rates of psychiatric morbidity in the world. Kashmir Global summarises the situation <a href="http://www.kashmirglobal.com/2012/02/14/kashmir-the-mental-price-of-conflict.html" target="_hplink">here</a>. <br />
<br />
A recent report in <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-20624798" target="_hplink">BBC World News</a>, dated 6th December 2012, summarises the contents of the recently released report constructed by the <a href="http://kashmirprocess.org" target="_hplink">International People's Tribunal on Human Rights and Justice </a>. The document, entitled "<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/115733608/Alleged-Perpetrators-Report-IPTK-APDP" target="_hplink">Perpetrators - Stories of Impunity in Jammu and Kashmir at a press conference on Thursday, December 06, 2012</a>" , analysed 214 cases of abuse and highlighted the various roles of officials. Evidence includes official documentation as well as witnesses. During the release of the report in Srinagar, Mr Kartik Murukutla, a human rights lawyer and one of the authors of the report, said India's priority in Kashmir was to control the territory not to pursue justice. He said <br />
<br />
<blockquote>"For the victims, the wait for proper justice seems perpetual. In its approach to justice, the Indian state has not moved beyond cash relief or the promise of re-investigation."<br />
<br />
"The state has wilfully lowered the standard of justice as well as the crimes perpetrated," he said.</blockquote><br />
<br />
The group stated <blockquote>"Cases presented in this report reveal that there is a policy not to genuinely investigate or prosecute the armed forces for human rights violations. There is an occasional willingness to order compensatory relief, but not to bring the perpetrators to justice. On the contrary, alleged perpetrators of crimes are awarded, rewarded and promoted by the State"</blockquote>  <br />
<br />
According to the <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/dec/06/indian-soldiers-report-kashmir-abuses" target="_hplink">Guardian newspapers</a>, the Indian forces have refused to comment . It summarised the situation as follows <br />
<br />
<blockquote>"Up to 70,000 people died in violence in Kashmir over recent decades, it is widely estimated. Civilians and security forces were killed in a series of suicide-style attacks and bombings. Such attacks justified the hard-line often taken by security forces, former officers say. However, as the intensity of the conflict has ebbed in recent years, there has been a steady stream of revelations detailing abuses. In recent years, dozens of unmarked graves containing more than 2,000 corpses have been discovered on the Indian side of the line of control, the de facto border that has split the former kingdom between India and Pakistan for nearly 40 years."</blockquote><br />
<br />
In summary, despite the death toll of civilians, there does not appear to be any constructive action taken by the Indian government to prevent these atrocities. Many Indians are protective of their army, refusing to consider the possibility that these allegations require further inquiries. Concerns related to human rights violations were also raised by the <a href="http://www.presstv.ir/detail/229613.html" target="_hplink">United Nations </a>. The Working Group remains concerned about allegations of a widespread practice of enforced disappearances between 1989 and 2009 and the existence of mass graves. In the meantime, the abuses of human rights continue while those in control turn a blind eye to the situation - lives are being destroyed and relationships fractured beyond repair. <br />
<br />
<strong>Related Links</strong><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Traumatic-Disorder-Kashmir-Scenario-ebook/dp/B009SPTZG8" target="_hplink">PTSD in Kashmir </a>]]></content>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>Love Science</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/love-science_b_2217591.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.2217591</id>
    <published>2012-11-30T09:06:19-05:00</published>
    <updated>2013-01-30T05:12:01-05:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[We all suffer from love sickness at some point in our lives. The exhilarating feeling of intoxication and rush of emotions is caused by a cocktail of chemicals affecting our physiological state. The three proposed stages of love are lust, attraction and attachment.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[We all suffer from love sickness at some point in our lives. The exhilarating feeling of intoxication and rush of emotions is caused by a cocktail of chemicals affecting our physiological state. The three proposed stages of love are lust, attraction and attachment. Scientists say that each stage is influenced by a number of hormones in our bodies. A trio of neurotransmitters - dopamine (also activated by cocaine and nicotine), norepinephrine (adrenalin) and serotonin - are implicated in our behaviour at this stage. Some scientists have argued that love is similar to manic depression or obsessive compulsive disorder. <br />
<br />
Andreas Bartels, a leading scientist, reasoned that romance is a physiological phenomenon. Cornell University economist Robert Frank went on to point out that if love was not a powerful force, people would leave their mates for a more attractive partner. To find the link, Bartels and his adviser, Semir Zeki, of the Imperial College of London, used a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner to study the brains of 17 people who had been madly in love for an average of about two years. It was suggested that commitment and devotion were at their peak during this period.<br />
<br />
By comparing the brains of these people as they looked at loved ones and then as they looked at friends, Bartels and Zeki produced what they believe are the first pictures of the brain in love. There is overlap between areas of the brain activated during romantic and material love. The brain locations involved are also used when we eat what we like, take drugs and are given rewards.<br />
<br />
Love, therefore, can be like drug. Also, the section of the brain involved in social judgement, aggression, fear and planning appears to become switched off when we are in love or when we love our children. In summary, a strong emotional tie to another person inhibits negative emotions and social judgements of that person. Love is therefore blind. <br />
<br />
In romantic love, an area called the hypothalamus is activated to produce chemicals that enable sexual arousal such as testosterone and other sex hormones. This is not activated in maternal love. Of course, nature's main aim in effective love science is to enable procreation. David Buss, an evolutional psychologist at the University of Texas at Austin, told Time magazine,<blockquote> Every living human is a descendant of a long line of successful maters. We've adapted to pick certain types of mates and to fulfil the desires of the opposite sex</blockquote><br />
<br />
It appears that the scent of a woman indicates to the male when the female is ready to conceive. Scent signalling chemicals are known in animals, but the system has not been unravelled properly in humans - humans may have these chemicals that affect the endocrine systems of others. In women, chemicals may be related to the menstrual cycle. A fascinating study in the Evolution and Human Behaviour journal showed that ovulating striptease artists average $70 in tips per hour. Those who are menstruating make $35 and those who are not ovulating or menstruating make $50. During ovulation, women also report that their partners are more loving and attentive and can be jealous of other men.<br />
<br />
Appearance is also a primary factor in sexual attraction. Psychologists have shown that a person is found more sexually attractive when they are smiling and looking directly at you. A sign of interest is therefore viewed as attractive to the person in question. Of course, the media selects the most attractive members of the opposite sex and splashes them in front of our eyes.<br />
<br />
It is therefore natural for people to compare themselves to these images and feel insecure about themselves. Women spend exceedingly large amounts of time preparing themselves for the opposite sex. This behaviour goes back to pre-historic times, where blusher or rouge was being used 100,000 years ago. Again, women who are ovulating have blood vessels that dilate and their skin is slightly redder during that period. The biological and genetic theories suggest that men are programmed to migrate towards women with slightly redder skin. <br />
<br />
Research suggests that women find the v shaped torso attractive in males with good pectoral muscles. This suggests that women prefer protectors and men with the ability to fight for them. The next evolutionary/psychological theory is that women find muscular male bottoms attractive. Apparently, this is related to successful impregnation. Research suggests that women are interested in intelligence, financial power and resource allocation. Women appear to be interested in this due to long term stability. Moreover, a good sense of humour apparently demonstrates intelligence. Oddly, intelligence is linked to body hair in the male. <br />
<br />
Interestingly, it is suggested that stress improves attraction. This maybe due to the hormonal surges detecting danger and the need to commence some kind of partnership. It is notable that wartime appears to be a romantic time for all. During wealthy times, men tend to find dependant women more attractive. During times of economic recession, men tended to go for more practical and tougher women. <br />
<br />
Of course, research isn't everything, and the love connection is probably more than just science. The key to a long lasting relationship is to develop a good friendship, to find ways of rekindling the initial fire between you and to work hard on something that is worth protecting. <br />
<br />
The bad news, of course, is that scientists have suggested that true love or the chemical rush only lasts for one year. The chemical measured was NGF [Nerve Growth Factor] known to cause all the symptoms of love sickness - palpitations, sweaty palms, butterflies etc. This chemical increased during the initial love phase but declined after a year and the level was equivalent to those who were single or in long term relationships. In the words of Joan Crawford, the movie star "Love is a fire. But whether it is going to warm your hearth or burn down your house, you can never tell."]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/884632/thumbs/s-SEX-OVER-50-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>The Diamorphine Spectre</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/the-diamorphine-spectre_b_2057019.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.2057019</id>
    <published>2012-11-01T10:40:37-04:00</published>
    <updated>2013-01-01T05:12:01-05:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[Diamorphine is regularly used in palliative care, clinical medicine and addiction psychiatry.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[Diamorphine is regularly used in palliative care, clinical medicine and addiction psychiatry. It also has its application in the controversial  <a href="http://www.liv.ac.uk/mcpcil/liverpool-care-pathway/" target="_hplink">Liverpool Care Pathway</a>. The routine clinical use of diamorphine in medicine is unique to the UK, but this is not well known outside the UK. This useful controlled drug has sadly been demonised following its misuse by those with criminal intentions. <br />
<br />
Diamorphine achieved notoriety due to serial killer <a href="http://www.shipman-inquiry.org.uk/reports.asp" target="_hplink">Dr Harold Shipman</a> but continues to haunt the UK criminal courts in the trials of various nurses. Barbara Salisbury was found guilty of attempted murder. In 2005, Anne Grigg-Booth was charged with injecting 12 patients. <br />
<br />
An outcry in Gosport occurred due to a number of diamorphine related deaths. By 2009, the Independent wrote <em>"In April, an eight-strong jury decided diamorphine and other powerful drugs had "contributed more than minimally to five of the deaths"</em>. Dr Jane Barton the doctor involved continued to practise until recently. <br />
<br />
David Glass' case related to a mother's objection to diamorphine use. The European Courts cited a breach of Article 8 European Convention of Human Rights.  The public's perception was not helped by research in 2006. Clive Seale, Professor of Sociology at Brunel University found that 1930 deaths were as a result of non voluntary euthanasia. <br />
<br />
Gossop et al [2005] wrote <blockquote>"At a time when diamorphine may be coming under increased scrutiny, more detailed information is required of its uses and applications"</blockquote>Baker et al [2004]  stated <em>"These findings are cause for concern about the risk of diversion of controlled drugs, and illustrate how patient safety systems can decay when they are not maintained"</em>. <br />
<br />
Recommendations made by the Shipman Inquiry do not appear to have been totally effective. Clinical evidence suggests that diamorphine is valuable in palliative care. An outright ban isn't an ideal solution but more robust guidelines may be a way forward. Current NHS Guidance concentrates on monitoring, counting and recording drug doses. Less attention is paid to reviewing whether or not diamorphine administration is actually appropriate. A solution may lie in greater involvement of pharmacists to ensure dual verification of the appropriate use of the controlled drug.  In the clinical setting, perhaps diamorphine should be used as last resort after all valid alternatives have been exhausted. Improved medical and public education, clearer local guidance on appropriate indication is desperately needed. Current Guidance appears too generalised and open to arbitrary subjective interpretation. This is influenced by the personal prejudices of staff. A more objective review  to prescribing controlled medication would be beneficial. Maintenance of public confidence in health professionals is essential. <br />
<br />
All regulatory bodies should be more proactive in developing comprehensive detailed guidance via a consultation on proper indications, policing and appraisal of controlled drugs. It is becoming far more urgent now given the public uproar around the use of the Liverpool Care Pathway.<br />
<br />
<br />
<strong>Related Links </strong><br />
<br />
1. <a href="http://www.npci.org.uk/cd/public/home_page.php" target="_hplink">National Prescribing Centre</a> <br />
<br />
2. <a href="http://www.npc.co.uk/policy/cd/cd_publications.htm" target="_hplink">A guide to good practice in the management of controlled drugs in primary care</a> <br />
<br />
3.<a href="http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_079618" target="_hplink"> Safer Management of Controlled Drugs in Secondary Care </a><br />
 <br />
4. Anne Grigg Booth - <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/nurse-dies-leaving-behind-mystery-of-how-many-patients-she-killed-504919.html" target="_hplink">Nurse Dies Leaving Behind a Mystery</a> <br />
 <br />
5.Gosport Memorial Hospital - <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/we-demand-justice-the-families-at-the-heart-of-gosports-hospital-scandal-1689030.html" target="_hplink">We want Justice</a> <br />
 <br />
7. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16482752" target="_hplink">National survey of end-of-life decisions made by UK medical practitioners. Palliat Med. 2006 Jan;20(1):3 10</a>.<br />
 <br />
8. <a href="http://www.echr.coe.int/eng/Press/2004/mar/ChamberJudgmentGlassvUK9304.htm" target="_hplink">David Glass - European Court Judgment </a><br />
<br />
9. <a href="http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Healthcare/Medicinespharmacyandindustry/Prescriptions/ControlledDrugs/index.htm" target="_hplink">Controlled Drugs - Department of Health Guidance</a> <br />
<br />
10. <a href="http://www.rpsgb.org/worldofpharmacy/useofmedicines/controlleddrugs.html" target="_hplink">Royal Pharmaceutical Society </a><br />
<br />
11. <a href="http://drugs.homeoffice.gov.uk/drugs-laws/" target="_hplink">Drug Laws</a> <br />
<br />
12. <a href="http://www.cqc.org.uk/guidanceforprofessionals/healthcare/allhealthcarestaff/managingrisk/controlleddrugs/ourrole.cfm" target="_hplink">Care Quality Commission on Controlled Drugs </a><br />
<br />
13. <a href="http://www.mhsc.nhs.uk/pages/About%20The%20Trust/Departments/Service%20Governance/Medicines%20Management/Policies%20And%20Guidelines/Guidelines%20For%20Diamorphine%20And%20Morphine%20Ampoules.pdf" target="_hplink">Manchester Mental Health Guidance On diamorphine</a> <br />
<br />
14. <a href="http://www.info.doh.gov.uk/SAR/CMOPatie.nsf/95d7395adc91ed0d80256c83005a8ff2/b4d8205d89044a7580257179002da1cf/$FILE/Safer%20practice%20notice.pdf" target="_hplink">National Patient Safety Agency Safer Practise Notice</a><br />
 <br />
<br />
15.<a href="http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?doi=10.1159/000083036" target="_hplink"> The Unique Role of Diamorphine in British Medical Practice: A Survey of General Practitioners and Hospital Doctors Eur Addict Res 2005;11:76-82 (DOI: 10.1159/000083036)</a><br />
<br />
<br />
16. <a href="http://pt.wkhealth.com/pt/re/qshc/abstract.00134255-200402000-00011.htm;jsessionid=KFxJKhmz24mGs5PWLhqpycKshbqqYt3QBFhLGn2CM4765cQT5LHn!-631714950!181195629!8091!-1" target="_hplink">Investigation of systems to prevent diversion of opiate drugs in general practice in the UK.Quality &amp; Safety in Health Care. 13(1):21-25, February 2004<br />
</a><br />
 <br />
17. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin" target="_hplink">Heroin - Summary and Uses  </a>]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/809560/thumbs/s-RITALIN-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>The Lancashire Witch Trials</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/halloween-lancashire-witch-trials_b_2046122.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.2046122</id>
    <published>2012-10-31T00:51:25-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-12-30T05:12:01-05:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[This year is the Witch Trial's 400th anniversary. To this day, the county still capitalises on the legend of the witches and their trials, demonstrating yet again the lucrative nature of witchcraft.  Of course, there is a rumour that circulates the area - the witches still haunt the buildings and villages.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloween" target="_hplink">Halloween</a> is upon us, and it is time for a haunting tale of mystery, intrigue and witchcraft from the deepest darkest recesses of English history. Between the 15th and 18th Centuries, there were approximately 500 executions following witch trials. Nestled in the beautiful rolling country-side is a place where the largest witch hunt in history occurred. In the autumn of 1612, sixteen women were put on trial for witchcraft in Pendle, East Lancashire. The events provide fertile ground for ghostly tales, best told on a cold, dark eerie winter's evening <br />
<br />
The witch trials have to be taken in the context of the events of the time. Elizabeth I passed <em>"An Act against Conjurations, Enchantments and Witchcrafts</em>" in 1562, with a penalty of death if harm had come following witchcraft. After her, King James I was convinced that the Scottish witches had plotted against him, and developed an avid interest in witchcraft. It didn't help that he was also head of the judiciary of the time. <br />
<br />
In the late 1600s, Lancashire was fabled for theft, violence and sexual laxity. Early in 1612, the year of the trials, there was a policy of forced religious conformity. Those who refused to attend the English church and take communion would be committing a criminal offence. Every justice of the peace was ordered to make a list of non conformists. To compound matters, the population was poorly educated and easily believed in superstitions. <br />
<br />
This tale involves two large families - the Chattoxes and the Demdikes. Their business was black magic - spells and curses. During their trial, ten witches were found guilty of witchcraft, murder and conspiracy to blow up Lancaster castle. Various allegations were made - for instance, bread was stolen from the church to be used in spells, graves were apparently raised and the teeth of the dead stolen. It was also rumoured that Demdike had a meeting with the devil at the site where a local girl was murdered, apparently at the hands of these witches. <br />
<br />
The judiciary at the time ordered that the evidence be collected and published in the public interest. The official publication of the proceedings was written by Thomas Potts in a book called <em>The Wonderfull Discoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancaster</em>.<br />
<br />
Lancashire folklore of 1882 said of Chattox: <blockquote>"She was indicted for having exercised various wicked and devilish arts called witchcrafts, enchantments, charms and sorceries, upon one Robert Nutter, of Greenhead, in the Forest of Pendle, and with having, by force thereof, feloniously killed him." It continued, "She was further charged with having bewitched the drink of John Moore, and also with having, without using the churn, produced a quantity of butter from a dish of skimmed milk!".</blockquote> She pleaded guilty in the hope the judiciary would show her mercy. <br />
<br />
A confession by another "witch" read as follows - <blockquote>"The speediest way to take a man's life away by witchcraft is to make a picture of clay, like unto the shape of the person whom they mean to kill, and dry it thoroughly. And when they would have them to be ill in any one place more then an other; then take a thorn or pin, and prick it in that part of the picture you would so have to be ill. And when you would have any part of the body to consume away, and then take that part of the picture, and burn it. And when they would have the whole body to consume away, and then take the remnant of the said picture, and burn it: and so there-upon by that means, the body shall die." The Witches of Salmesbury were charged with bewitching and slaying a child of Thomas Walshams by placing a nail in its navel; and after its burial, they took up the corpse, when they ate part of the flesh, and made an 'uncious ointment' by boiling the bones"</blockquote><br />
<br />
Further gruesome tales can be read <a href="http://www.pendlewitches.co.uk/alison-device/" target="_hplink">here</a> .<br />
<br />
The "witches" were executed at Lancaster on 20 August 1612 for having "bewitched to death by devilish practices and hellish means no fewer than sixteen inhabitants of the Forest of Pendle". <br />
<br />
Of course, there are two ways to consider the above - an effort to ensure religious conformity, or that witchcraft was lucrative and competitive profession. It is interesting that many allegations resulted from the two families themselves. Each clearly wanted to monopolise the lucrative business of begging, healing, extortion and spell creation. <br />
<br />
The Pendle witches were rumoured to have conspired in their own gunpowder plot to blow up Lancaster Castle.  It is notable that the record by Thomas Potts, the "Wonderfull Discoverie" was dedicated to Thomas Knyvet and his wife. Knyvet was credited with catching Guy Fawkes and saving King James I. <br />
<br />
A petition to request a pardon for the witches was presented to the then Home Secretary, Jack Staw, in 1998. It was decided that the convictions should stand.<br />
<br />
This year is the Witch Trial's 400th anniversary. To this day, the county still capitalises on the legend of the witches and their trials, demonstrating yet again the lucrative nature of witchcraft.  Of course, there is a rumour that circulates the area - the witches still haunt the buildings and villages. Tourists have reported an aura of anger around the place and the locals fear discussing the events of the witch trial. It has been featured in the "Most Haunted" where TV crews reported an attempt at being strangled by unseen hands and a medium reported being in contact with an accused witch. The message from the other side was claimed to be that there were nine other spirits and they did not want the TV crews to be present. <br />
<br />
So if you dare to venture into the murky Lancashire countryside on All Hallows Eve, beware of shadowy figures on Pendle Hill - it may just be the ghosts of witches from times gone by, weaving yet another magical spell.]]></content>
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</entry>

<entry>
    <title>The Page 3 Uplift - An Asset to the Sun.</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/the-page-3-uplift-an-asset-to-the-sun_b_1900196.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1900196</id>
    <published>2012-09-20T10:57:51-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-11-20T05:12:01-05:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[I do not see why there is an objection to women who are confident enough to voluntarily show their beautiful assets in public.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[The Independent presented an article about a campaign against <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/exclusive-why-i-started-the-no-more-page-3-campaign-8159600.html#access_token=AAADWQ6323IoBAH5vKZAhQvgmqZANDhor9Ia2SWpPR7oac8ap14WnqjqetKBNmMAghyuiSc4wfT6CsM5MVxQlLclb4yX7RKDquglTRsCmWPsZBJrAEtf&amp;expires_in=5791" target="_hplink">Page 3 of the Sun newspapers</a>.  . Lucy Ann Holmes writes a laudable account as to why Page 3 should be removed. She effectively blames a large number of society's problems on Page 3. While the editor of the Sun is left grappling with a large number of women's ferocious opinions against his art, I have decided to defend the editor's opinion and provide an uplift. <br />
<br />
The writer in the Independent does not cite evidence based research on the issues she mentions. The nearest research that the author could have used is the one published in the <a href="http://www.mdx.ac.uk/aboutus/news-events/news/mags.aspx" target="_hplink">British Journal of Psychology</a>. This concerned the impact of language used in "lads mags"  . This research found that "lads mags" and sex offenders maybe using the same language. Further debate was raised by<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/the-womens-blog-with-jane-martinson/2011/dec/09/lad-mags-rapists-study" target="_hplink"> the Guardian</a> on the conclusions of this study  There are other studies the world over attempting to correlate pornography with pathological behaviour patterns. <br />
<br />
So while there is quite significant demonization of 'lads magazines' and 'nudity', interesting research from the <a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-12/uom-ate120109.php" target="_hplink">University of Montreal in 2009</a>  showed quite the opposite. The study found that the majority of men consume pornography, mostly online. Despite watching pornography for 20-40 minutes per week, there was no resultant pathological behaviour. The authors concluded that pornography had not changed their perception of women or the relationship they were in. (<a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-27083_3-10407102-247.html" target="_hplink">CNET news </a>). <br />
<br />
One could also argue that there is no causal link between rape/assault and nudity in the media. Setting aside all this research, Page 3 is merely a tasteful picture of a beautiful young lady. The bottom-line on this subject is this - there is no legitimate evidence or research causally linking the Sun's page 3 to pathological sex crimes. This is an important point to note before the Sun's editor is chased by numerous feminists down Fleet Street. He is doing nothing more than following on in the footsteps of numerous painters throughout our world's history. <br />
<br />
Nudity has an interesting history. In ancient Egypt women wore loose fabric and female entertainers performed in the nude. In ancient Greece, the love of beauty included the human body and erotic nudity was common. Roman Imperial art highlighted breasts as images of pleasure and peacefulness. The nude female body is often thought to embody Venus - the Roman goddess that depicts beauty, sex, fertility, prosperity and victory. Artists were fond of <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Women's_breasts_in_art" target="_hplink">painting women's breasts</a>. . The female breast has been exposed since ancient times. In the Christian realm of art, the pictures frequently showed females with uncovered breasts. Anyone who has visited the Sistine Chapel, Italy will know this to be true. The 'Last Judgment' with its nude forms was not accepted in its day but is a masterpiece today. While world wide cultures promoted the female form, it is notable that the Victorians perceived nudity in public as obscene. I believe that the current climate is forcing us to revert back to an attitude where we judge others on the way they wish to express themselves. We simply cannot revert back to a Victorian way of thinking simply because a number of feminists believe they should control the natural progression of male sexuality. While I have read the loudest voices of women, I doubt men have been given the opportunity to state their viewpoint. The <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1096102/R-I-P-MEN-They-earn-pushed-reduced-sex-objects---Tin-hats-ready.html" target="_hplink">Decline of Men by Guy Garcia</a> currently argues that the male has been emasculated  . In this case, they are even denied their Page 3 view of a beautiful pair of breasts. I suspect some women will now want to dictate what men should or should not find attractive in women. Quite frankly, we cannot control the biological sexual imperative of men. Our society has progressed in terms of sexual liberation and freedoms. Now, we are faced with a situation where sections of our society wish to reverse time to an age of prudishness. <br />
<br />
Women have historically had problems with body image. This has caused serious problems such as anorexia and other psychiatric illnesses. The fact is, Page 3 presents a healthy image of how a woman should be - curvy and buxom as opposed to painfully thin. One could argue that Page 3 presents a message that women should be confident of who they are in or out of their clothes. It is this confidence that is important in all aspects of a women's life in and out of bed. There is also absolutely nothing wrong with wanting to please your lover as opposed to being a demure maiden in the missionary position until the end of time. <br />
<br />
In defence of page 3 of the Sun, it is quite possible that every man over the age of consent has seen a naked woman in or out of their bed. Page 3 does not therefore come as a great surprise to any of them. Secondly, happiness in men is always recommended in a world where feminists have ripped out their masculinity.  <br />
<br />
In summary, I do not see why there is an objection to women who are confident enough to voluntarily show their beautiful assets in public. In conclusion, I believe The Sun provides a valuable public service for men and women. The buxom <a href="http://www.samfox.com/" target="_hplink">Samantha Fox</a>  was our role model as we grew up. I would like to thank the Sun for cheering up many of my patients in the NHS during the time I worked as a psychiatrist. Indeed, I believe that Page 3 should be an essential accessory to any male in the world who needs to smile.]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/775722/thumbs/s-PAGE-3-SPLASH-CULTURE-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>Part-Time Doctors are not A 'Risk' to the NHS</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/part-time-doctors-not-risk-to-nhs_b_1895848.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1895848</id>
    <published>2012-09-19T04:27:54-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-11-18T05:12:02-05:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[Instead of blaming the influx of women doctors into the profession, the medical establishment should be reviewing their previous mistakes.  They should then find ways of correcting the current problems.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[The Telegraph recently sported the headline " <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9549262/Part-time-women-doctors-are-a-risk-to-NHS.html" target="_hplink">Part Time Women Doctors are a 'risk'" to the NHS</a>".  The page showed a lady doctor reviewing  x-rays. The lead into the article wrote<blockquote> "Rising numbers of women doctors working part-tine present a 'huge risk' to the NHS, the General Medical Council (GMC) is warning, with hospitals potentially having to employ many more foreign-trained medics to plug gaps"</blockquote>. <br />
<br />
This headline has been replicated in numerous smaller publications around the UK. <br />
<br />
Now, it is this negative headline that will cause shockwaves in most human resources departments in the National Health Service (NHS). It creates the impression that women doctors are a risk to the NHS and a threat to patient safety. This may well cause further discrimination during interviews where it will be assumed that a male doctor is more reliable. If this situation did occur, it would be entirely unacceptable. The headline is neither evidence based nor is it true. <br />
<br />
One could argue that presenting such a negative view of women doctors in a leading national newspaper without any evidence is counterproductive and not in the public interest. On a cursory glance at the complaints statistics, it is interesting to note that the GMC's second annual <a href="http://www.gmc-uk.org/publications/10586.asp" target="_hplink">State of Medical Education and Practice</a>  in the UK report found that nearly three quarters of all complaints in 2011 were about male doctors, though only 57% of all registered doctors were men. It therefore appears bizarre that the General Medical Council would pluck an idea out of thin air and assume female doctors were a risk to the NHS. <br />
<br />
Risk can be linked to the disintegration of clinical teams over the years. This has been caused by the European Working Time Directive (EWTD) and junior doctor's shift systems. This has effectively damaged continuity of care. In April 2012, this was debated in<a href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201212/cmhansrd/cm120426/halltext/120426h0001.htm" target="_hplink"> Parliament</a>  . It is worth reading this debate in detail. One extract reads:-<br />
<br />
<blockquote>"Doctors have been making the case strongly, and trying to get the political class to hear. They have warned that the working time directive is devastating the NHS in three ways. First, on doctor training, it is eroding the professional ethos that upholds the NHS, and beginning to replace it with a clock on, clock off culture. New generations of junior doctors will know only that. They will never know the old ethos that sustained our NHS. Secondly, the safety of patients--our constituents--is being seriously jeopardised daily. Thirdly, I am sure the Minister appreciates that the financial cost is absolutely massive. I will deal with those three issues in turn, before concluding on the final, biggest blow, which is that the directive does not achieve its aim of a better work-life balance for doctors, and in some cases it makes matters worse.<br />
<br />
The previous Government estimated that the introduction of the EWTD, given the existing new deal limitation of a 56-hour working week for doctors, would be the equivalent of taking 4,000 doctors out of circulation. The Royal College of Surgeons estimated the loss of surgical time per month to be 400,000 hours. To put that into perspective, that is equivalent to 45 years of surgical time per month being lost to the NHS"</blockquote><br />
<br />
Of course, it is not as if the GMC has not been aware of these <a href="http://www.gmc-uk.org/news/7250.asp" target="_hplink">critical problems in work force planning</a>.  The medical establishment (including the GMC) were solely responsible for bringing in the EWTD and changing the junior doctors career structure (<a href="http://www.mmcinquiry.org.uk/" target="_hplink">Modernising Medical Careers</a> ) without first assessing the impact of their actions on the future of the workforce. <br />
<br />
The implication is that the very nature of part-time doctors leads to a service failure. Well, firstly, part-time doctors are a minority group. Secondly, good patient care in the NHS is linked to good team work. If the medical fraternity had preserved these clinical teams then the impact of the part-time doctor would not be cited as a 'risk'. The fact is that the current problems are a product of poor strategic management and forward planning of the NHS workforce. The net result is a weakened infrastructure with little tolerance for shortfalls which must then be made up by foreign doctors. Ironically, they too are often (unfairly) considered a risk to patient safety by the medical fraternity. <br />
<br />
Instead of blaming the influx of women doctors into the profession, the medical establishment should be reviewing their previous mistakes.  They should then find ways of correcting the current problems. For instance, adequate job sharing is a possibility. Currently supernumerary positions are not allowed although it is a valid option. The reintroduction of a sub-consultant grade is also another option. The solution does not lie in blaming women doctors, the solution lies in investigating the actual cause of the risk in the UK's hospitals. <br />
<br />
The actual cause appears to be the European Working Time Directive and Modernising Medical Careers - both which appear to have been ill thought out with a negative impact on patient care.<br />
<br />
It is of course even more interesting to note that the changes implemented by the medical fraternity did not lower the medical negligence bill. Indeed, it recently past the <a href="http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/nhs-reveals-1bn-litigation-bill" target="_hplink">&pound;1 billion mark</a>  . Perhaps the GMC will develop a broader mindset on the issues posing an actual threat to clinical safety instead of raising unreasonable doubts against a group of doctors who do their very best under difficult circumstances.   <br />
<br />
The catastrophic disintegration in continuity of care should to be corrected as a matter of urgency. Stronger clinical teams will improve patient safety and sustain any short falls. Perhaps the GMC could start by analysing the causes of the disintegration of continuity of care and then make constructive evidence based suggestions to improve patient safety. This would be a more pro-active positive approach in a environment where patient safety is paramount.]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/770236/thumbs/s-NHS-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>Once in a Blue Moon</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/once-in-a-blue-moon_b_1843328.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1843328</id>
    <published>2012-08-30T12:03:41-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-10-30T05:12:01-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[The blue moon appears on Friday 31 August 2012. "The moon will turn full Friday, the second time since its first full appearance Aug 2 this year.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[The blue moon appears on Friday 31 August 2012. "The moon will turn full Friday, the second time since its first full appearance Aug 2 this year. The next blue moon will only be seen three years from now, July 2015" said Science Popularization Association Communicators and Educators (SPACE) in a statement. <br />
<br />
The average interval between full moons is about 29.5 days, while the length of an average month is roughly 30.5 days. NASA Science News had this to say:  "<em>According to modern folklore, whenever there are two full Moons in a calendar month, the second one is "blue </em>" while the Harvard University astronomer Avi Loeb was a little less excited. He told Fox News that the moon is far more important to lovers, literature and folklore than to science.<br />
<br />
In a single month, two full moons exist as the calendar months are not synchronised with the lunar months. Blue moons are not always blue in colour but there is a small probability of a hint of blue. Moons are usually white or yellow. So will the moon turn blue this time? Well, a blue moon requires a volcanic eruption. In the past, blue moons have indeed been seen. <br />
<br />
In 1883, a blue moon was seen after the eruption of the Indonesian volcano Krakatoa. The plume rose above the Earth's atmosphere and caused the moon to turn blue. The blue moon effect can also occur following smoke from volcanoes and forest fires [e.g. the muskeg fire in September 1953 in Alberta, Canada]. Again, in 1983, blue moons were seen in El Chichon volcano [ Mexico], in 1980 [Mount St Helens] and  in 1991  [Mount Pinatubo]. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/29aug_bluemoon/" target="_hplink">NASA Science News</a> writes <br />
<br />
<blockquote><em>"There are plenty of wildfires burning in the hot, dry USA this month.  If any of them produce smoke with an extra dose of micron-sized particles, the full Moon might really turn blue. On the other hand, maybe it will turn red.  Often, when the moon is hanging low, it looks red for the same reason that sunsets are red.  The atmosphere is full of aerosols much smaller than the ones injected by volcanoes.  Measuring less than a micron in diameter, these aerosols scatter blue light, while leaving the red behind. For this reason, red Blue Moons are far more common than blue Blue Moons."</em></blockquote><br />
<br />
Travelling back in time to discover the origin of the phrase "blue moon" is fascinating. Philip Hiscock, a professor of Memorial University in Newfoundland states that it first appeared in writing during the 16th Century. Cardinal Wolsey advisor to Henry VIII writes about his opponents "who would have you believe the moon is blue" leading us to infer that the term meant "an impossibility". A 1524 pamphlet criticising the English clergy was entitled " Rede Me and Be Not Wrothe [ Read me and be not angry] had the phrase "If they say the moon is belewe/we must believe that is true" [ If they say the moon is blue, we must believe that it is true]. By the 1700s, meaning shifted to "never" . In the 19th Century, it was used on the London streets and meant" a long time". By 1869, an autobiography of a shipwreck survivor referred to "that indefinite period known as a blue moon". By 1871, a discussion of a diet in a book had the phrase " A fruit pastry once in a blue moon" <br />
<br />
In 1946, an amateur astronomer writing for the Sky and Telescope magazine "made an incorrect assumption about how the term had been used in the Maine Farmers' Almanac. He used "blue moon" while referring to the third full moon in season of four [not three]. The error repeated itself on radio in 1989.  The phrase seems to have stuck. The rumour is that the third moon is referred to as "blue" in Czechoslovakia. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/space/stories/where-did-the-phrase-once-in-a-blue-moon-come-from" target="_hplink">Professor Hiscock</a> said <br />
<br />
<blockquote><em>"It seems to be absolutely possible that someone took the English meaning," now and again" and assigned this astronomical meaning" . So in conclusion the current meaning is " Rare, seldom, even absurd". </em></blockquote><br />
<br />
Blue moon was also a song sung by lovely Ella Fitgerald and the devilishly handsome Elvis Presley. Sporting the words " Blue Moon..... You saw me standing alone, without a dream in my heart, without a love of my own" the term was madeworld famous. The 1934 song relates the tale of a man who finally found the love of his life - something that was so unexpected for him that it must have happened under a blue moon. In music and through literary use, it has described lost love and sadness. In popular culture, it has been in The Smurfs - the blue moon was used as the period of time in the medieval world. Those who remember Bruce Willis will know that he started off in a television series called Moonlighting working at a detective agency called Blue Moon Detective Agency. In the popular TV series, Charmed, the blue moon was used as a period where the girls were transformed into monsters. The rare appearance of the blue moon gives it a magical if not mysterious quality driving the public to be fascinated by its appearance. <br />
<br />
This year the blue moon coincides with the memorial service held for the astronaut Neil Armstrong, the first man to set foot on the moon. He died last Saturday aged 82. This serendipitous timing has led his family to suggest that everyone should pay a tribute to him by looking at the moon and giving him a wink. <br />
<br />
Many of us can try and watch the moon ourselves. An alternative is the web-based <a href="http://events.slooh.com/" target="_hplink">Slooh Space Camera</a> , which showcases live views from various telescopes around the world. It is hosting a special <a href="http://www.space.com/17372-blue-moon-friday-watch-online.html" target="_hplink">broadcast of the blue moon on Friday, beginning at 6 p.m. EDT (2200 GMT)</a>. . Let us all hope for a magical blue moon.]]></content>
    <link href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/695574/thumbs/s-MOON-mini.jpg" type="image/jpeg" rel="enclosure"/>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>Whistleblowing and Patient Safety : The Patient's or the profession's interests at stake?</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/whistleblowing-and-patien_b_1754567.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1754567</id>
    <published>2012-08-08T03:29:26-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-10-07T05:12:03-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[Medical whistleblowing has featured in countless newspaper headlines. The stories are usually victim-focused, implying that if you blow the whistle, your life is automatically destroyed. While that may be true in some cases, the stereotypical  "victim" imagery is not constructive, helping neither the psychology of the individual whistleblower, nor the system that spawned them.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[Medical whistleblowing has featured in countless newspaper headlines. The stories are usually victim-focused, implying that if you blow the whistle, your life is automatically destroyed. While that may be true in some cases, the stereotypical  "victim" imagery is not constructive, helping neither the psychology of the individual whistleblower, nor the system that spawned them.<br />
<br />
Most genuine whistleblowers have provided a public service to be proud of, and should not allow themselves to be, or feel like "victims" of the state. Even where they encounter repercussions, as is often the case, their "suffering" is, relatively speaking, far less than that experienced by patients and their families - the true victims of the negligence and misconduct that whistleblowers seek to expose.<br />
<br />
It seems that many medical whistleblowers resort to litigation while alleging "work stress" and parading every detail of their "suffering" in the media. The emphasis has shifted to the subject of legal non-disclosure clauses (gagging clauses), instead of exposing bona fide flaws in medical culture. This is a misguided distraction from the whistleblower's primary objective of improving patient care.<br />
<br />
That objective is difficult enough to achieve without additional diversions. It is widely understood that patient safety is compromised because potential whistleblowers are wary of coming forward for fear of reprisals, but there is no clear consensus on what to do about the problem.<br />
<br />
A public inquiry that took account of the experiences of actual whistleblowers would help, as would a stable body of academic research into the situation. Many of the papers published to date take a falsely upbeat stance, overlooking serious problems and proposing solutions that have little basis in reality.<br />
<br />
Despite its belief to the contrary, the British Government is similarly devoid of viable, evidence-based solutions. The recently held <a href="http://www.nhsemployers.org/Aboutus/PressReleases/2012/Pages/Andrew-Lansley-and-key-health-figures-meet-a-tNHSWhistleblowingSummit.aspx" target="_hplink">Whistleblower Summit</a>  didn't include any whistleblowers, and when the <a href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmhealth/1699/1699.pdf" target="_hplink">Health Select Committee held talks on whistleblowing</a> , whistleblowers were again excluded.  In both cases, however, official bodies frequently implicated in creating an environment hostile to whistleblowers were asked to provide solutions. Rather than calling on experienced whistleblowers to give evidence with the intention of finding practical and workable solutions, there seems to be an insatiable Governmental appetite for more of the same old problems.<br />
<br />
For these reasons, Professor Steve Bolsin and I decided to develop a research paper that showed the reality of the system and outlined the flaws in the culture of medicine. This was a difficult challenge, as was finding a publisher.<br />
<br />
Medical journals are often owned by those who are implicated in these cultural deficiencies, and are naturally unwilling to bite the hand that feeds them. One such journal felt we spent too long in apportioning blame and did not outline solutions, conveniently overlooking the need to identify problems before solutions can be found. It is no secret that I felt pressurised into developing a paper that was broadly in agreement with the establishment's line of thought.<br />
<br />
Our paper, Whistleblowing and patient safety: the patient's or the profession's interests at stake? [Stephen Bolsin, Rita Pal, Peter Wilmshurst, and Milton Pena J R Soc Med July 2011 104:278--282] was eventually published by the <a href="http://jrsm.rsmjournals.com/content/104/7/278.full.pdf+html" target="_hplink">Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</a>. As editor of this journal, Kamran Abassi should be praised for his courage in publishing a paper critical of the medical establishment. His excellent introduction, <a href="http://jrsm.rsmjournals.com/content/104/7/275.full" target="_hplink">"A way forward for whistleblowing</a>" is well worth a read.<br />
<br />
Having examined the issues in some depth, the paper made three recommendations as to the way forward: <blockquote>"<em>Firstly that the profession, through the GMC or BMA Council, should commission a Consultation Group on Reporting Poor Care. This Group will examine the consequences to all parties from incidents of reported poor care. Second, the Government should consider establishing a Health Select Committee Review of Whistleblowing that would make impartial recommendations to Government and the profession. Third, the Government should consider setting up and resourcing a National Whistleblowing Centre similar to that in the US. We believe that only by open public scrutiny will constructive change be cemented into exemplary clinical practice."</em></blockquote><br />
<br />
Following publication, and a helpful mention in the<a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/doctors-call-for-code-to-protect-whistleblowers-2306990.html" target="_hplink"> Independent</a> , I set up a <a href="http://epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/5741" target="_hplink">Whistleblowing and Patient Safety Petition</a> to further raise public awareness of the issues. Mary Foord Brown, a prominent patient campaigner said:<br />
<br />
<em><blockquote>"This refreshing paper and petition has come to represent modern change for many. Both sides of the fence meeting in the middle. The blatant lack of respect for both patients and medical professionals is often polarised into a similar position with either whistleblowing or formal complaint - an equal trashing from DoH or medical regulators or perhaps both - an institutional scalding The DoH is wasting our money daily due to their outdated culture!"</blockquote></em><br />
<br />
Mr John Brace, a leading whistleblower said:<br />
<br />
<blockquote><em>"Without whistleblowers the public wouldn't hear about what really goes on, yet organisations too often have a 'shoot the messenger' approach to whistleblowing as they focus on the person rather than their message. For those that have been brave enough to raise concerns in good faith, expecting change, being subjected to disciplinary procedures for raising a grievance can be personally upsetting."</em></blockquote><br />
<br />
Patient mortality rates are unacceptably high in the UK with a litigation bill of <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/9065534/NHS-facing-15.7bn-for-rising-number-of-clinical-negligence-claims.html" target="_hplink">&pound;15.7 billion</a>. At present, clinicians face disciplinary action whether or not they blow the whistle on poor care. This is unacceptable. Surely, in the interests of patient safety, the time has come for the Government to devise a coherent policy on whistleblowing, based on the experiences of those who know the situation best - whistleblowers themselves!<br />
<br />
<strong>Related Links</strong><br />
<br />
1.	<a href="http://www.change.org/en-GB/petitions/health-select-committee-set-up-an-inquiry-into-whistleblowing-in-the-national-health-service?utm_campaign=autopublish&amp;utm_medium=facebook&amp;utm_source=share_petition&amp;utm_term=6994520" target="_hplink">New Whistleblowing Petition </a><br />
2.	<a href="http://helpmeinvestigate.com/health/2012/02/07/guidance-for-journalists-working-with-whistleblowers/" target="_hplink">Guidance for Journalists Working With Whistleblowers </a><br />
3.	<a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?vb69kbj0a975uuu" target="_hplink">Whistleblowing and Patient Safety: The Patient's or the profession's interests at stake? </a><br />
4.	<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/medical-whistleblowing-is_b_1114976.html" target="_hplink">Medical Whistleblowing. Is it safe? </a><br />
5.	<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/vexatious-whistleblowing_b_1090845.html" target="_hplink">Vexatious Whistleblowing</a> <br />
6. <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/medical-mobbing_b_1010045.html" target="_hplink">Medical Mobbing</a>.]]></content>
</entry>

<entry>
    <title>Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/rita-pal/between-the-devil-and-the_b_1735476.html"/>
    <id>tag:www.huffingtonpost.com,2012:/theblog//3.1735476</id>
    <published>2012-08-02T19:40:17-04:00</published>
    <updated>2012-10-02T05:12:06-04:00</updated>
    <summary><![CDATA[Fasting has been common throughout history  . It is the act of willingly abstaining from some or all food, drink, or both, for a period of time. It is often used as a method of non-violent resistance to effect political change. Famous fasts include the forty hour fast by World Vision to bring awareness to poverty and hunger around the world. Mohandas K. Gandhi conducted several prolonged fasts as effective political and social protests.]]></summary>
    <author>
        <name>Rita Pal</name>
        <uri>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/</uri>
    </author>
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rita-pal/"><![CDATA[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasting" target="_hplink">Fasting</a> has been common throughout history  . It is the act of willingly abstaining from some or all food, drink, or both, for a period of time. It is often used as a method of non-violent resistance to effect political change. Famous fasts include the forty hour fast by World Vision to bring awareness to poverty and hunger around the world. Mohandas K. Gandhi conducted several prolonged fasts as effective political and social protests. <br />
<br />
More recently, <a href="http://news.indiaagainstcorruption.org/" target="_hplink">India against Corruption</a>  held a nine day fast in New Delhi. In response, the Indian government issued threats of <a href="http://headlinesindia.mapsofindia.com/burning-issues-news/team-anna/government-could-forcefeed-team-anna-digvijay-singh-114529.html" target="_hplink">forced feeding and hospitalisation</a>. <br />
<br />
The Indian government has been known to force feed individuals who are protesting. Examples include<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-18002009" target="_hplink"> Irom Sharmila</a> and <a href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-07/varanasi/31304350_1_bhu-spokesperson-tapasya-physician" target="_hplink">Ganga Premi Bhikshu</a> . <br />
<br />
From the government's point of view, depending on the situation, it can be argued that in some circumstances where a charismatic popular leader uses a hunger strike to incite his supporters to commit uncontrolled anarchy/violence in his name - the welfare of the average citizen may outweigh the hunger striker and his supporters. That situation would cancel out if the supporters amounted to a sizable majority of the population. Where they are a vocal minority then the rights and interests of the remainder of the population must be a priority. Essentially, there is a situation of balancing the interests of the protestor and the public. <br />
<br />
India did not outline any rationale involving a balancing of interests. The main issue of importance is whether the protestor[s] has mental capacity to make decisions. In the event that they do, the problem of balancing conflicts becomes complex. Appearing to violate the basic human rights of a protestor may inflame a politically fiery situation. These are the dilemmas every government will probably face at some point - the public interest versus the individual's rights. Unfortunately, the cynical amongst us will notice that the government's self interest to protect its own reputation [as opposed to public interest] may be prevalent in those who have totalitarian and perhaps psychopathic traits.  In the absence of accountability, the risk of abuse of power is high. This is certainly every protestor's argument. <br />
<br />
The ethics of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force-feeding" target="_hplink">force feeding</a>  is interesting and it is worth noting the relevant directives. <br />
<br />
The <a href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-07/varanasi/31304350_1_bhu-spokesperson-tapasya-physician" target="_hplink">Times of India</a>  recently wrote:-<br />
<br />
<em><blockquote>"Some section of the medical fraternity is also not in favour of forced feeding. "As per the 1975 World Medical Association Tokyo Declaration, doctors can undertake force-feeding under certain restricted rules and only where a second, independent physician is consulted and agrees to the move," said Dr Arvind Singh. The Tokyo Declaration states: "Where a prisoner refuses nourishment and is considered by the physician as capable of forming an unimpaired and rational judgment concerning the consequences of such a voluntary refusal of nourishment, he or she shall not be fed artificially. The decision as to the capacity of the prisoner to form such a judgment should be confirmed by at least one other independent physician. The consequences of the refusal of nourishment shall be explained by the physician to the prisoner." The World Medical Association revised and updated its Declaration of Malta on hunger strikers. Among many changes, it unambiguously states that force feeding is a form of inhuman and degrading treatment.</blockquote></em><br />
<br />
The Conflict Resolution of the World Medical Association's (1991) resolves the ethical conflict of the doctor in the following way: <br />
<br />
<blockquote><em>"The ultimate decision on intervention or non-intervention should be left with the individual doctor without the intervention of third parties whose primary interest is not the patient's welfare. However, the doctor should clearly state to the patient whether or not he is able to accept the patient's decision to refuse treatment or, in case of coma, artificial feeding, thereby risking death. If the doctor cannot accept the patient's decision to refuse such aid, the patient would then be entitled to be attended by another physician."</em><br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
Force feeding in a person who retains capacity to make decisions is potentially unethical. The debate has progressed world-wide.<a href="http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2010/11/is-it-ethical-to-force-feed-prisoners-on-a-hunger-strike/" target="_hplink"> Is it ethical to force-feed prisoners on a hunger strike?</a> discusses the ethics of the situation arising in Switzerland where a protestor on hunger strikes. The Federal Court ruled that he should be force-fed but the doctors have refused to obey this order. The article states <br />
<br />
<blockquote>"In a letter published in the Lancet (2006; 367: 811), these doctors have argued that force-feeding prisoners who were on a hunger strike violated established standards in medical ethics, which acknowledge that patients - including detainees - have a right to refuse treatment, even of a life-sustaining kind, provided that they enjoy decision-making capacity (or more briefly, capacity)"<br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
In conclusion, the balance of interests and resolving ethical conflicts is a difficult situation for any government when faced with a defiant protester. Involving the courts may not be a solution for a potentially politically volatile  situation. This demonstrates the power of non-violent protests in effecting political change. It places the government in a precarious situation of choosing between the devil and the deep blue sea.]]></content>
</entry>
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