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Brendan O'Neill

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It Is Wrong to Say 'Sex Without Consent is Rape'

Posted: 29/08/2012 00:00

"Sex without consent is rape." Those words, or an approximation of them, were uttered by just about every feminist commentator over the past week.

In response to George Galloway's creepy defence of Julian Assange's alleged behaviour in Sweden - which was just "bad sexual etiquette", not rape, said Galloway - female writers and politicians have been on a mission to remind us that actually all non-consensual sex is rape.

In the words of Salma Yaqoob of Galloway's Respect party, "rape occurs when a woman has not consented to sex". Or in the widely reported phrasing of a spokesperson for Rape Crisis, "Sex without consent is rape".

This sounds correct. It seems simple yet right to assert that if a woman has not consented to sex, then rape has occurred.

But it is wrong. More than that, the idea that all "non-consensual sex is rape", as Galloway himself has now said in his clarification of his defence of Assange, represents a dangerous rewriting of what rape really means.

Feminists always focus on the state of mind of the woman or women involved in an alleged rape and disregard the state of mind of the man.

This is a terrible error, because in order for rape to have occurred, it is not enough to prove that the woman did not consent; we must also surely prove that the man knows she did not consent, or was utterly reckless as to the question of her consent, and carried on regardless.

That is, rape must involve an intention on the part of the man to commit rape. The man must have a guilty mind - or what is referred to in law as mens rea - in the sense that he knows he is committing rape. In leaving out this key component of rape, feminists are not only undermining the meaning and gravity of this crime - they are also displaying a cavalier disregard for some of the key democratic principles of the modern legal system.

Listening to feminists, one could be forgiven for thinking that there are only two components to rape: first, an act of sex, and second, a lack of consent on the part of the woman involved in that act of sex. So, "sex without consent is rape". But in truth, there are three components to rape: those two things plus criminal intent on the part of the man.

The Sexual Offences Act 2003 lists these three components. It says the crime of rape occurs when there is an intentional sex act, when the alleged victim has not consented, and when the alleged perpetrator "does not reasonably believe" that there is consent.

In other words, the man must know that there is no consent. He must not believe that consent is present, and therefore must know that it is absent. His state of mind - which must be a criminal one in order for a crime to have occurred - is as important as the woman's.

The precedent-setting case DPP vs Morgan, a long-running rape case of the 1970s, makes it even clearer that there must be criminal intent in rape. As Lord Hailsham put it in the Lords' ruling in that case, "Either the prosecution proves that the accused had the requisite intent, or it does not". That is, as with all serious crimes, it is not enough for there to be a guilty act (actus reus) - there must also be a guilty mind (mens rea).

So it is quite wrong to say "sex without consent is rape". It is more accurate to say that "sex pursued in defiance of a lack of consent is rape". That is more of a mouthful, I know, and it sounds quite complicated in comparison to the phrasing preferred by feminists. But crime is a complicated thing; it is rarely the simple, black-and-white morality tale that some feminists would have us believe.

There is something deeply problematic in feminists' undermining of criminal intent in relation to rape. Because what it means is that stupid men, drunken men, thoughtless men and idiotic men who engage in ill-advised or regretted acts of sex are now increasingly lumped together with actual criminal men under the heading "rapists". Having a daft mind is now just as likely to see you branded a rapist by feminists as having a guilty mind.

In essence, we are witnessing the redefinition of rape to mean effectively "bad sexual experiences". The subtle, inexorable downplaying of the idea of criminal intent in rape means that all kinds of horrible or just foolish sexual encounters can be rebranded as rape, even if the intention to commit this heinous crime is lacking.

But criminal intent should remain a key part of the law and a key part of public debate about the law, especially in relation to serious crimes like rape that are punishable by long prison sentences. Why? Because a civilised society should only brand as criminals those who set out to or intend to commit a crime. A civilised society should only punish those who are morally and mentally responsible for their criminal acts. Feminists who are subtly rewriting the meaning of rape are taking us away from this civilised approach and towards something more backward, even feudalistic: the criminal punishment of people who do not have criminal minds.

 
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"Sex without consent is rape." Those words, or an approximation of them, were uttered by just about every feminist commentator over the past week. In response to George Galloway's creepy defence of J...
"Sex without consent is rape." Those words, or an approximation of them, were uttered by just about every feminist commentator over the past week. In response to George Galloway's creepy defence of J...
 
 
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12:15 PM on 10/05/2012
At least try to conceal the contempt for feminism. And please stop trying to make it easier for men to rape. This is an offensive, inaccurate, and very dangerous article. When will you all start listening to women TELLING YOU WHAT RAPE IS. You might not like it, it may mean you get away with less rape, but please stop being so misogynistic as to tell women when they have and have not been raped.
07:01 PM on 09/19/2012
"So it is quite wrong to say "sex without consent is rape". It is more accurate to say that "sex pursued in defiance of a lack of consent is rape".
What on earth? If a person does not, or is not able to, consent to sex then it is rape. No one should ever underestimate the damage that rape does to its victims, either male or female, and no one has the right to down-grade the severity of that attack based on certain factors, i.e. whether or not the victim was drunk, was married/or in a relationship with the attacker, knew the attacker, led the attacker on, was walking home alone in the early hours of the morning, was scantily dressed, was vulnerable or whatever the circumstances. We need to get past the prehistoric belief that some women (I say women, but the same applies to men) are asking for it in certain situations. Defence Lawyers used these tactics not so long ago in rape trials to humiliate and sully the reputation of the victim of rape which was why so many rape victims were, and still are, reluctant to report it. Meanwhile these vile rapists would have us believe that they are the real victims. If a person sexually violates another no matter what the situation, then yes, that attacker is a rapist and should be classed as such. There is no room for extenuating circumstances.
12:12 AM on 09/13/2012
This entire absurd argument hangs on this idea that a particular mens rea, consisting of the intent to do harm, is necessary for a violent offense to be criminal. If that were the case, involuntary manslaughter and all manner of harms resulting from negligence or recklessness would not be criminal. Rape resulting from a man forcing himself on a woman who is too intimidated by him to say "No" is as much a crime as negligent vehicular homicide - when the bad actor in a violent crime is in a position of power over their victim, we do not require the victim to fight back any more than we require them to jump out of the way of a speeding car.
09:46 AM on 09/13/2012
Everybody knows that nobody wants to get hit by a car. But have sex? You have to make your intentions about that clear. If the victim doesn't say "No," or made their preferences clear in some other manner, then how can they possibly have a case? Do you want to open the floodgates so that anyone can incriminate any person they've had sex with for any reason, and call it rape? I'm sorry if some people are too afraid to say "No," but that's their own failing.
05:47 PM on 09/13/2012
how about instead of assuming that a lack of a negative equals consent, you acknowledge that an affirmative from the other party involved a given sexual encounter is all that is necessary? after all, doesnt that make things simpler? why take the risk of assuming that the lack of a "no" means "yes" when all you have to do is garner a "yes" prior to the encounter? it seems like the author of the article isnt concerned with actually dissuading people from committing rape and is instead just making excuses for people who were too negligent to get an affirmation in the first place. it doesnt matter whether one is "criminally minded". if one doesnt ensure that they got consent prior to engaging in a sexual act, then he or she didnt care enough whether the other party consented and therefore committed a violent sexual act. PERIOD.
07:37 PM on 09/13/2012
You're free to pretend that some men do not make a practice of coercing and intimidating women into sex, that men are not generally stronger than women, that women have no reason to fear a man who forces sex on them, that they can always say no or call for help without fear of violent reprisal. But you are living in a fantasy world, and this pretense is harmful to women.

Likewise harmful is your assumption that the default in all social and intimate situations is "want to have sex" and that a person is constantly giving implicit consent any time they do not clearly, directly communicate that they do not want to have sex.

Your way of thinking is the REASON which women are reluctant to report their rapists- because they know someone like you will turn up to tell them that they must have wanted it, that they should have fought back harder, that no rape occurred. Please, reconsider your belief that women are always available for sex until they clearly say "No." This is an exploitative, predatory way of thinking, and I hope you will see that.
10:47 PM on 09/12/2012
This article is completely unhelpful for victims of rape, and gives an impression to some people that 'casual' rape is okay. It's not okay. If a woman ever, EVER says no, it is WRONG. Same for if a woman rapes a man, if the man does not consent, it is not okay. The integrity of the rape victim has still been compromised, whether they were forcibly raped, or less so.
05:50 PM on 09/04/2012
'Feminists always focus on the state of mind of the woman or women involved in an alleged rape and disregard the state of mind of the man.'

Wow, yeah, I was just thinking to myself I haven't heard men giving their opinion on this enough.

www DOT shakesville DOT com/2011/03/feminism-101-helpful-hints-for-dudes DOT html
10:09 AM on 09/13/2012
'Quoted sentence from the article.'

Wow, yeah, here's a quip that makes it clear that I totally didn't understand what I just read.

www DOT imacompletetroll DOT com/dont-even-try-to-have-a-rational-conversation-with-me
11:59 PM on 09/14/2012
Consider me chastised.
01:02 PM on 09/02/2012
i totally disagree with this article because it can be used to dismiss marital rape. there are many men who believe that their wife or girlfriend cannot not consent to sex because they are in a relationship and sex is to be expected. the "simple definition" is in fact, quite accurate
09:47 PM on 08/31/2012
The term "Rape" now covers a board range of acts. Beyond forcible rape, it also encompasses situations where the female may willingly engage in sex, but is beyond the point of rational consent. Such as a too many drinks at a party. In the morning, she may feel she was raped. No leeway is given to the man in this situation who may have been just as drunk as she was. Recently the term rape was broadened even further to cover instances where the female felt pressured. For example, she felt the male was pestering or pressing her to have sex, so she "relents". Another instance is where the female says nothing. No response is now considered not giving consent.
Women can wait weeks, then decide the non consent, pressured or too intoxicated sexual romp was rape. Some want to broaden this even further so that all sex is considered rape unless the male can prove she willingly consented, and consent can be withdrawn at anytime. Should we have a witness present the entire time, continually asking if consent is still valid? If anything can be learned from this, men should steer clear of women who have had too much to drink, and women should be careful not to drink too much. Otherwise, regret the morning after could take on a whole new meaning.
06:37 PM on 08/31/2012
Great article.This debate highlights two different schools of thought. One is centred on the old feminist belief that rape/sexual assaul stem from male dominance/sexuality and sees every man as a potential rapist.The other focuses on research over decades that has found rapists are disturbed individuals with a history of childhood abuse and dysfunctional upbringing and their intent is criminal, not sexual.This school also looks at all the growing research that has found many women also commit these crimes. Those who see sexual assault as an act of sex/ male dominance see a man initiating sex with a sleeping lover as rape. I don't want to minimize that some women would feel being awakened with their lover having sex with them as a violation of their boundaries, just as there are probably men who might find being awakened by a lover giving them oral sex to be a violation of their boundaries. Others from both genders might welcome it.But rape till now has been understood to be an act of assault rather than a subjective theoretical concept that is dependent on each individual's sense of boundaries. I see a grave danger in redefining rape as sex, an almost watering down effect. In Sweden where this has happened, the maximum sentence for the most brutal rape is ten years rather than life in prison as it is in other countries where rape is defined nd understood as assault with criminal intent.
05:45 PM on 09/04/2012
Hah wow so much fail in one comment.

'The other [school of thought] focuses on research over decades that has found rapists are disturbed individuals with a history of childhood abuse and dysfunctional upbringing and their intent is criminal, not sexual.'

Cite this research please.

Have you read 'I Never Called It Rape' by Robin Warshaw?
It's an error to think all rapists are the 'lurking in a shadowy alleyway waiting to drag a woman off kicking and screaming' variety. Rapists can be boyfriends, normal guys who happen to know nothing about consent and received little to no sex education in school. I really recommend Warshaw's book, and until you're better-informed, I'd really urge you stop contributing on an issue you clearly have very little understanding of.
01:29 PM on 09/05/2012
Have you not bothered to research at all the psychology of sexual offenders and the role of childhood abuse and neglect which is abundant and overwhelming? You might want to look at research by Groth, Petrovich & Templer. which found high rates of sexual abuse by females in childhood among sex offenders9 and 66%.  You should also do some research on female sexual offenders, who victimize other women, men and children. Sexual violence and assault are not a strictly male deviancy.  I was raped by a relativewho had been sexually abused by the same female relative as I had been and by a former employer as well as sexually assaulted by a stranger. I don't really need to read a book to tell me that rapists aren't only the lurking in the alley type. As well, you confuse something. Just as many serial killers and violent criminals and sexual abusers often appear to be the nice guy/gal next door from the outside, so rapists often have that double life. The idea that a rapist can be a normal guy who just didn't receive sex education about consent is incredibly naive and frankly minimizes rape into an act of ignorance and poor manners. That is quite the patriarchal perception of rape and sexual assault, excusing it as ungentlemanly behaviour rather than as an intentional aggressive physical assault.
04:37 PM on 08/31/2012
If any man who thinks rape is not an act of violence upon a woman or even another man let him explain how he can rationise that idea,most offenders know when it is rape and severl use the escape clauses offered to try to defendtheir actions.
To knowingly rape someone is to take advantage of a situation for ones own gratification, if the person does not agree to sexual behaviour being thrust upon them, whether penetration occurs or not, that is an offence against that individual
In other words,if there is no obvios acceptance then it is a crime, if there is perceived acceptance by certain behaviour then it would be defendable against rape but the individual then did not agree to further relations then rape could be implied.
It is a minefield, one which both men and women tread heavily upon at times and accusations fly; the judgement should be based upon was the offender knowingly taking advantage without receiving actual consent, then yes it is rape, but as often happens rape is called after the incident because one or both parties were incapable of making the initial judgement, and then the answer is ambiguous
05:27 PM on 08/31/2012
You and all the other idiot super-liberals and super-conservatives have no common sense. God help us if people like you get to any position of authority.

It's pointless to argue with people like you, because you don't even care about the facts. Just some stupid vague legalistic vapid verbosity about something you have no idea about.

Rape is a serious crime with serious penalties. If it's not obvious, then it ISN'T rape. You don't want to send a person to prison for 20 years if it wasn't a violent crime. You don't want to ruin someones life because later on one of the parties decided they didn't really want to have sex, but did it anyway for some other reason. (like they didn't want to disappoint the other one)

END OF STORY
08:11 PM on 08/31/2012
read what I wrote you lame brained half wit, am not advocating any acceptance of rape, that is obvious from the first lines.
12:12 PM on 08/31/2012
"His state of mind - which must be a criminal one in order for a crime to have occurred...."

Is the author trying to define rape in the same as murder and manslaughter? And why are not men included in this article? If a man has non consensual sex with another man, is that not rape? If I walk into a shop and take something then that is stealing. However when it comes to the law and politics of the body an offence against the body is treated a little less than stealing or it can be rationalised to the point of unimportance. Women have always been an easy target. Rape is a weapon of war and has been for many years. Does a soldier then have a criminal mind? There must be an awful amount of men out there who are criminals?! There are a lot of chancers out there though who think they can get away with it though and often do or receive very light sentences.
08:10 PM on 08/30/2012
Brendan, you say: "But it is wrong. More than that, the idea that all "non-consensual sex is rape", as Galloway himself has now said in his clarification of his defence of Assange, represents a dangerous rewriting of what rape really means."
It doesn't, because rape has always meant that. You are confusing rape with the 'crime of rape'. The dictionary definition doesn't change depending on whether it is a crime. There is a standard dictionary definition: sex without consent. Because a sleeping woman cannot consent, it is rape. It doesn't have to be a crime of rape though. What you really mean is: when considering what actions to make a crime, using the definition "all non consensual sex" to define rape in law is dangerous. I agree with that.
07:50 PM on 08/30/2012
Rape occurs when a woman says "NO"...and the rapist persists to getting what he wants..ie. Sexual penetration even in the slightest degree . It will also include forced lurid sexual acts performed on a woman without her consent.
10:56 PM on 08/30/2012
how about a woman that you meet in a nightclubs, has a few drinks, comes home for a coffee, goes to bed with you, has sex, then wakes up in the morning regretting it. she then decides to deny consent happened and calls police in for rape accusation.
02:31 AM on 09/13/2012
The reason she regrets it is because she didn't want to and wasn't in the right mind set to say yes (you can't consent when under the influence of any substance, including alcohol). No person would willingly subject themselves to endless police interrogations, 5 hours in the hospital having evidence collection and court trials just because of a bad one night stand. Your argument is invalid.
12:19 PM on 10/05/2012
1-2% of rape allegations are false, the same as any other crime. So those other 98-99% of women who have been raped matter less to you than the very slim chance that a woman will falsely accuse?

This is such a typical response from almost every man I speak to about rape (and I work in this field, so it is a lot of men). Still CANNOT Muster it up to care about the women being raped more than the very very tiny chance they would be falsely accused.
06:47 PM on 08/30/2012
confused article. Under s1 Sexual Offences Act 2003, the man must not 'know that there is no consent'. Instead he will be guilty if the victim does not consent to penetration, and he does NOT REASONABLY BELIEVE there is consent. Brendan O'Neill's assertion that the rapist must KNOW that there is no consent allows the accused rapist a greater margin of error for the rapist to assert that he did not realize consent had been refused. Ultimately, whether a man believes that he had been granted consent is a matter for the court to decide and depends on each situation. Rape is possibly the hardest crime to prove (it is notable that Europe has one of the worst conviction rates in Europe). Furthermore, he also appears to have a very confused understanding of what feminism is. Most women would like equality- in jobs, in relationship, in being able to go to sleep with a lover and not have to wake up to find themselves being penetrated. I might point out to O' Neill, that being unconscious, whether through sleep or by alcohol, is classed by law as rape.Regretted sex' is sex that wasn't good,but consent was granted. Rape is where consent was not granted. Rape sentences take aggravating factors into account. That is how the law works.Penetration without consent, however it occurs,is still rape.He might find victim blaming and terming objections to rape as 'feminism', but reveals only his misogyny.

_
05:15 PM on 08/30/2012
Interesting how so many people seem to think that unless a woman clearly says no then it's not rape. I was 15 when I was raped at a party after my drink was spiked with vodka. I never even kissed a man before and had no intention to until after I was married. as far as i'm aware it was raped by more than 4 people. the police said that because of the amount of alcohol in my system they could not conclude that I had not consented and I've never received any help to cope with it. Rape IS classed as Sex without consent and trying to water down the definition of rape only helps more people get away with it by saying that they felt the victim would consent if they could.
12:12 PM on 10/05/2012
Thank you for sharing your story to illustrate a very important point.

The rape apologism and denial that I see in the world today makes me sick. A lot of the comments on this page make me sick. Sex without consent IS rape. Legally it IS rape.
12:40 PM on 08/30/2012
Mr. O'Neill, you should probably read this and soak it in. It's an accurate critique of your article (I too am a lawyer).

"But O'Neill has fatally misunderstood what is meant by the word 'intent' in context - despite the fact it is set out in the very Act of Parliament he quotes, the Sexual Offences Act 2003. Rape is made out where the accused 'does not reasonable believe' the other person consents. In other words, if the accused truly believed that there was consent, but the court held that belief to be unreasonable (for example because it was based on what the complainant was wearing), the accused would still be found guilty. O'Neill's statement that 'the man must know that there is no consent... must not believe that consent is present, and therefore must know that it is absent' is, then, straightforwardly untrue."

http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/ellie-cumbo/getting-rape-wrong-again_b_1839292.html?utm_hp_ref=uk