I have long been bothered by an inexcusable absence among the many recovery options available to people struggling with addictions: marijuana is not considered a viable substitute.
Despite all the myopic tripe you often hear about how someone kicking a substance addiction must abstain from all psychoactive substances, some of the best recovery I've seen is among people who use marijuana as a substitute for their former drug of choice - be it alcohol, heroin, cocaine, or amphetamine.
And, no, this isn't a personal vendetta. I do not use weed that way, or any way. THC doesn't suit me at all. But it works wonders for many.
And now, finally, this fact is receiving some scientific vindication (1).
While some may object that many (maybe even the majority) who use MJ in such a fashion inevitably relapse onto their former poison, that's true for pure abstainers as well. My own observations suggest that, overall, the marijuana smokers do better than the abstainers. Of course that's anecdotal, and we really have no hard data on this question.
Still, given the recent inroads toward marijuana legalization and decriminalization, hard data will surely come over the next few years. My prediction, as an addiction scientist as well as a crackhead who has been around, is that honest observation will determine - beyond doubt - that the odds are better for the marijuana smokers.
For one, it really is hard to generate worse numbers than the pure abstinence approach - one in 20, if that!.
But there is more.
One thing the recovery machine, professional and grassroots, typically overlooks is that abstinence is simply not feasible for most addicts - at least not right away. And, down the road when it may be feasible, it might not be necessary or even the best option.
But let's focus on the first few years of recovery: for an adult who has been self-medicating since early adolescence, complete abstinence is often destructive. In normal medical practice, professionals work with - rather than against - a patient's tendencies. Yet, with addiction, a 180-degree reversal is often hailed as the necessary solution. In a vast majority of cases, this 'solution' is a violent, dangerous assault on a person's entire being.
And if less than 5% who attempt abstinence are able to keep it up for two years without a horrible crash, the dominant mindset simply blames the overwhelming majority rather than targeting the obvious culprit: abstinence hailed as the only possible goal at the exclusion of every other option. There really is nothing wrong with abstinence per se. The trouble starts when it is hailed, uncompromisingly, as the only option.
Throughout the 20th Century, many were deprived - without a single good reason - of approaching their recovery through what has been derided as 'the marijuana maintenance plan.'
It is, in fact, a good plan for a lot of people. And with the current trend in favour of the legitimation of marijuana use, it should not be long before support groups start popping up centered on marijuana use to help people kick harder drugs. There might already be a few such groups out there as I write these words.
About f'n time!
1. Lucas, P. et al. 2012. Cannabis as a substitute for alcohol and other drugs: A dispensary-based survey of substitution effect in Canadian medical cannabis patients. Addiction Research and Theory, Early Online: 1-8.
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You are right that abstinence is not the best option for many. I see that some of the comments here are by people indoctrinated by AA. Look abstinence doesn't work for everyone. That's why methadone works so well. The science says so. We have to get rid of this notion that every addict must be abstinent from drugs. Actually methadone doesn't go far enough, we need to start prescribing heroin and oxycodone to addicts like the Swiss have been doing. I don't know if something similar could be done with stimulants. Whereas opiate users eventually reach a stable daily dose stimulant users tend to binge until physical collapse...at least the heaviest users do (in my experience, but I'm mostly into opiates).
You may have been a crack addict but I have to say when you start dismissing actual situations that occur like hitting bottom and abstinence I can only question your motives to do so. Dr., you do no one any favours by saying they are mere buzzwords. Abstinence is hardly a trendy or technical word meant to impress. It's a state of being and can be a path to a new life. I suspect you are like many addicts. You crave that altered state of mind. And I say have at ‘er! Fill your boots…. but while you’re getting high and self-medicating, many of us are staying clean and sober free of the desire to “get high”.
I suggest you are trying to justifying your own addictive thinking. You may have dropped the pipe but you haven’t changed your stinkin’ thinkin’. I’ve attended way too many funerals where someone thought they could self-medicate with pot and eventually they were triggered into thinking they could do just “one more” run of their drug of choice. If you really want to help addicts I suggest you work towards ensuring there is more mental health counselling. I wish you good health on your journey.
Smoking pot is another form of numbing & living in denial. There are lots of reasons why a person relapses and lots of excuses too. One of the best ways (and as far as I’m concerned the only way) to treat addiction is to go into a rehab program that lasts several months and a year or more of follow up conselling. In rehab the addict goes through the painful, both mentally and physically, process of detoxing. An addict needs time to detox from the drugs and alcohol but just as importantly from their previous lifestyle, thinking patterns, habits and mental state. It is my experience that there is not one addict that is not suffering from some form of mental health issue as well. It’s a complex disease and giving mixed messages to the brain and the person is asking for failure to help them change their life.
* Usain Bolt, the 2008 World Record holder of the 100 and 200 meter sprint.
* Michael Phelps, the most decorated swimmer ever with 14 Olympic gold medals.
* Tim Linecum, the National League baseball’s Cy Young Award winner for 2009.
* Santonio Holmes, the Super Bowl XLII’s MVP.
* Mark Stepnoski, two-time Super Bowl champion. "I'd rather smoke than take painkillers."
* Randy Moss, NFL single season touchdown reception record (23, set in 2007), and the NFL single-season touchdown reception record for a rookie (17, in 1998). Moss has founded, and financed many charitable endeavors including the the Links for Learning foundation, formed in 2008.
* Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, the NBA's all-time leader in points scored (38,387), games played, minutes played, field goals made, field goal attempts, blocked shots and defensive rebounds. During his career with the NBA's Milwaukee Bucks and Los Angeles Lakers from 1969 to 1989, Abdul-Jabbar won six NBA championships and a record six regular season MVP Awards. He has a prescription to smoke marijuana in California, which he says he uses to control nausea and migraine headaches. He has been arrested twice for marijuana possession.
* "At least a good 50 [US] Olympic athletes use marijuana regularly before they stop in time for testing."
—Stephany Lee
http://druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/basicfax5.htm
Dr. Jack E. Henningfield of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and Dr. Neal L. Benowitz of the University of California at San Francisco ranked six psychoactive substances on five criteria.
Withdrawal -- The severity of withdrawal symptoms produced by stopping the use of the drug.
Reinforcement -- The drug's tendency to induce users to take it again and again.
Tolerance -- The user's need to have ever-increasing doses to get the same effect.
Dependence -- The difficulty in quitting, or staying off the drug, the number of users who eventually become dependent
Intoxication -- The degree of intoxication produced by the drug in typical use.
The tables listed below show the rankings given for each of the drugs. Overall, their evaluations for the drugs are very consistent. It is notable that marijuana ranks below caffeine in most addictive criteria, while alcohol and tobacco are near the top of the scale in many areas.
The rating scale is from 1 to 6 --- 1 denotes the drug with the strongest addictive tendencies, while 6 denotes the drug with the least addictive tendencies.
HENNINGFIELD RATINGS
Withdrawal Reinforcement Tolerance Dependence Intoxication
Nicotine 3 4 2 1 5
Heroin 2 2 1 2 2
Cocaine 4 1 4 3 3
Alcohol 1 3 3 4 1
Caffeine 5 6 5 5 6
Marijuana 6 5 6 6 4
If we are going to prohibit things based on their harms, we should prohibit religion - google religious wars which span the entirety of human civilization and are responsible for countless genocides. Then we should prohibit science which is responsible for every tool used to fight every war, from the spear to computer guided missiles.
Or we could recognize that prohibiting inevitable consensual behavior makes it a crime to be human.