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Dr Tasmia Mesbahuddin

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Is the 'Hijab' Discriminatory to Women?

Posted: 18/05/2012 00:00

There is a camp of feminists out there who would like us to believe that wearing the hijab is a discriminatory, male-biased, patriarchal practice, note the article by Adele-Wilde Blavatsky on the 'privileging' of race above gender, to a deluge of uproar from another camp of women who were totally shocked by her one-sided, un-nuanced views on the Islamic sartorial practices.

Well, I have got news for this camp of feminists because I came to the hijab very recently and after years of mulling over the decision, through research of the Quran and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and reading of several exegetes of scholars, both male and female, I as a woman made the sole decision of wearing the headscarf. I am totally satisfied that all scholars from differing schools of Islamic thought come to the same decision that hijab is indeed a practice that God has commanded upon the Muslims, men and women. Note the distinction I make between hijab and headscarf. Hijab is effectively speaking about modesty of men and women and not indeed just a piece of cloth one places over one's head! If we scratch the surface Muslims understand hijab to be an overall modesty: modesty of the heart, modesty of the eyes, modesty of the ears etc. In other words it is guarding the heart from evil intentions, guarding the eyes and ears from evil intentions and so on.

Now coming back to the headscarf, I was also of the mind once that the Quran did not specifically mention this and therefore it is subject to interpretation. But if we analyse the Quranic scriptures with due diligence, it is categorically mentioned in chapter 24, verse 31 what the rulings on hijab are. Note that first and foremost it mentions the importance of hijab for men, i.e. lowering their gazes, guarding their private parts etc. and then it comes to women again mentioning the lowering of their gazes, guarding their private parts, drawing their headscarves over their bosoms and here lies the crux: the Quran mentions the 'khimar' specifically which is a form of head covering and it is asking women to draw the 'khimar' over their bosoms. This used to be a head covering equivalent to a form of long scarf, and some women used to just leave the head covering dangling on the sides and as a result this verse was revealed for further protection of women in the public space (I mean it is no secret that the size of our bosoms are indeed a part of our beauty and studies upon studies have shown that men are often attracted to that part of our body) and in front of marriageable men i.e. to prevent unnecessary sexual desires between the two parties. Now just to calm the extremist feminist minds here - this has indeed been revealed for our honour and protection in the public space. I mean let's not fool ourselves, we only have to open the news these days to see horrific articles about women being raped, date raped, molested and faced with a deluge of sexual abuses for their appearances (I mean we have to be a certain shape, size or else we lose our appeal to the opposite sex!). So on that note I find my hijab a very liberating experience.

Indeed what the female chooses to wear is her choice because there is no compulsion in religion (Quran Chapter 2, verse 256). As it was indeed my choice, I refrained from wearing the headscarf for many years but chose not to wear it to fit into a certain mould of ideological understanding of women in the West. I grew up in the West in an environment that presupposes a love for everything that is secular. That in itself was an imposition upon me. I basically feared not being accepted in a peer group, in a job, in society - the list goes on. In fact when I began wearing the hijab, stereotypically my husband said people are now going to think I told you to do so and my mother tells me that my brother was a little concerned as to whether I would be able to get a job easily!! In other words, my being was the being of someone else's imagination and idea of what I should be and I pandered to it for the last 38 years. Now that I have chosen to wear it after arriving at a decision through my own rational and critical understanding of my faith i.e. Islam, I find myself on the other side defending my hijab. My point is why should the debate be about defending oneself?

I chose this attire so why can't these feminist extremists accept that no man in my life or indeed woman has persuaded me nor indeed forced me to cover myself. It is my decision and I come from a liberal Muslim family background where my parents never once in their lives asked me to wear the headscarf. In fact, a Muslim friend of my father's once said to him and I was that day dressed in a 'salwar-kameez' (a three-piece South Asian suit which includes a long scarf): "Why not also cover the head?" but mind you in a very gentle and unassuming manner. My father responded in an equally unassuming manner by saying, "As long as she is dressed modestly", and the conversation ended there (and they remain good friends in case you are wondering).

Women such as Blavatsky in the aim to emancipate all of womankind seem to forget that many of us women who chose to wear the headscarf and cover ourselves to the degree that we indeed want to, is our choice. We do not do it because we are forced by other men in our lives, we do not do it to appease men's sexual gratification but we choose to do it after coming to a rational understanding of our faith. I have been underlining my rationality in this choice because I recently had a brief encounter with Ms Blavatsky on the Facebook wall of one of my friends and there I was dismissed by her as being 'emotional' for saying that I do not cover my head for other men or women in my life but I do it for my Creator. That in itself is apparently an 'emotional' response on my part and it is according to her based upon an irrationality. This camp of feminism with the aim of uprooting patriarchy, which I also vehemently oppose, are subjugating the voices of millions of other women who rationally choose to cover up. I agree with Blavatsky and others like her that the hijab and the hoodie are not the same and that there is a huge discrepancy in the way women are subjugated across the board, but I also do not want her to make such grand generalisations where feminists like her simply see the hijab as 'discriminatory'.

Whilst there may indeed be women who are forced into practicing the hijab without being given a choice, there are equally many women who practice hijab out of choice. In the name of feminism, I wonder whether this camp of feminists realise that by thwarting voices like mine, they are verging on being orientalist even if their original aim was not intended as such. This is why it is very important indeed to have these debates out into the open so that a whole section of us women are not huddled into one big group of oppressed women. Whilst raising the voices of those who are oppressed, they are oppressing the 'other' women who can and choose to make their own decisions about their sartorial practices! Even if it is unintentional it needs to be rectified.

I understand Ms Blavatsky had rather nasty comments made against her original article in The Feminist Wire, which I oppose too because it shows a lack of etiquette and respect for the other's viewpoint. It is best to discuss these issues in the open without disrespecting one another's views in the process. Whilst Ms Blavatsky has the right to make her own views known, in an era when Islamophobia is rife, it is also equally important to make comments that are context-specific and based upon ethnographic studies. In fact, my encounter with Ms Blavatsky on my friend's Facebook wall only reiterates this point. In the aim of making her views supreme to mine she chose words like 'emotional' and 'irrational' to quickly dismiss my viewpoint and in the process removing my agency to make an informed/rational/critical argument. If this is not an orientalist tactic I don't know what is. Whilst Ms Blavatsky may or may not believe in a God is not the issue here, although I do and I choose to wear a headscarf based upon the words of God i.e. what the Quran deliberates on this matter as well as the many exegetes on this. This in her mind seems to be conveying an irrationality on my part but now we are delving into a whole new realm of whether God exists or not and whether the Quran is the word of God, and for that there are many debacles being presented out there (and note that even the staunchest of atheists are now agreeing upon the existence of Intelligent Design). Just because my ideological thought processes do not fit into the mould of certain feminist narratives neatly does not then give these feminists the right to dismiss my voice and that of thousands if not millions of other women as 'emotional' and 'irrational' - after all isn't that what these feminists are and were fighting for in the first place to give women the voices and agency they so deserve!

 
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07:17 PM on 06/05/2012
Every aggrarian religion has as a central tenet abolishing the individual. Making a decision to wear or not wear the hijab has nothing to do with modesty or paternalsim. It's about identifying yourself as a member of the particular religious community. Women wearing the hijab are flying the muslim flag. Women opting not to wear the hijab are raising a different flat within their community, which signals either a need to reign her in to the dogmatic pratices or to marginalize, separate and diffuse her influence. Pretending that a decision to wear the hijab has anything to do with choosing to be modest is window dressing. The choice is to signal conformity, to signal surrender and obliteration of the individual in favor of the formulas of Islam.
07:10 PM on 05/31/2012
Good article. The hijab is a choice for many but i fear it isn't for many more, it is choice of everyone to wear what they want and thats what feminists should be campaigning for.
08:12 PM on 06/05/2012
A feminist campaign for free clothing choices would not be worth the time it takes to write this post.
08:23 PM on 06/06/2012
Not every girl here in the States wants wear skin-tight jeans and minis either, but they're made to be in a certain shape and wear certain clothes to conform with our society. I mean come on, how common is it that our women suffer from low self-esteem, depression, anoroxia etc. I grew up in NYC with plenty of Muslim women around, believe you me, these people do not suffer from the insecurities that our women due. And one of the biggest reason is their modest dress and covering. So feminists should just shut up, I mean they did a good thing for women when they started, but now they're just voices for men... I mean I'm a man and feel guilty for looking down at the last skin a women shows, hence I don't complain. But when these Muslim women walks down the street, I feel nothing but respect for them, cause they DO deserve it.
07:37 PM on 06/12/2012
Time to evolve. There is nothing in your post but embarrasing admissions about your own inability to get past external attributes and social tabus.
05:12 PM on 05/31/2012
Why aren't men made to wear the veil?
What is the penalty for homosexuality?
What is the penalty for apostasy?
05:36 AM on 05/30/2012
“Modest Dressing” nuns dressed modestly because they did not intend to marry therefore did not want to attract the attention of members of the opposite sex. However, Islam wants all men and women to be pure, no double standards in Islam. What we wear affects both how we feel about ourselves and how others view us. Also, even in my childhood, women used to wear veils when they entered the mosque, church and sacred places which points to the relationship between dress and attitude. Islam prescribes modesty for both men and women in order to maintain a pure Islamic society. She displays her beauty for her own husband, not providing a free show for all to enjoy. Modest behaviour, of which clothing is only one part, is worth the effort.
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Paul Wagland
Resistance is fertile
05:43 PM on 05/31/2012
1) What's wrong with wanting to attract the attention of the opposite sex?

2) How come a husband doesn't reserve his beauty only for his wife?
03:39 AM on 06/07/2012
The husband doesn't have breasts or hips which can attract the other sex. And I am sure you would agree we need to protect women from men rather than the other way around if you do happen to see the trend in sexual crimes.
05:31 AM on 05/30/2012
If the women of today's world can understand the teachings of Islam regarding purda/Veil/Scarf/Niqab, and realize the benefits they can gain from adopting purdah in their daily lives, and allow them to free themselves from their ill society, Insha Allah, they will soon be advocating for the adoption of Headscarf/purdah/veil throughout the world. Instead of purdah opression and restriction in the minds of others, it will be seen as an institution to be envied and will send messages of honour, freedom, and social harmony between sexes. Then society will enjoy the bliss of living under Divine Protection.
05:25 AM on 05/30/2012
It is not a disgrace or hindrance for a woman; on the contrary, it honours her and frees her from the bondage of society and the obstacles that prevent her intellectual, moral, and spiritual advancement. Indeed, by electing to safeguard herself and her virtues, a woman protects society from social evils such as adultery, the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, children born out of wedlock, rape and divorce.
07:11 PM on 05/30/2012
Veiled rape happens. Sorry- but this is a FACT.
04:34 AM on 05/31/2012
This means that one should weil or shield his/her mind and heart from impure and immoral thoughts when in contact with the opposite sex. To get a sense of how unchaste this society has become, consider a reality check survey recently posted on CNN.com on December 20, 2006. According to this survey 95% of American have had premarital sex, whereas Muslims are in the less than 5% chaste minority. David Blankenhorn calls this trend “Fatherless America” and “Fatherless Society”. What is the cause of this growing trend which is predicted to rise to 50% in the early part of the 21st century? David Blankenhorn in his book Fatherless America traces the origins of youth violence, domestic violence against women, child sexual abuse, about 39% teenage pregnancy and many of the psychiatric problems in adolescents to broken families and fatherlessness.
05:20 AM on 05/30/2012
The entire notion of covering and shielding her beauty from unknown men is almost futile for a Muslim woman, if the reasoning behind the action is not known. The act of purdah has been deemed necessary for Muslim women as a means of protecting them. Purdah is not a means of opressing or limiting women.
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Paul Wagland
Resistance is fertile
05:48 PM on 05/31/2012
A point utterly undermined by the appalling treatment of women in some Islamic societies.
07:21 PM on 06/05/2012
What's wrong with muslim men such that they cannot be trusted to restrain their sexual urges when confronted with the sight of a woman's head?
05:17 AM on 05/30/2012
The Book of God does not aim at keeping women in seclusion like prisoners. This is the concept of those who are not acquainted with the correct pattern of Islamic ways. The purpose of those regulations is to restrain men and women from letting their eyes to rove freely and from displaying their good looks and beauties, for therein lies the good both of men and of wmen.
05:05 AM on 05/30/2012
A Muslim women’s primary is her duty to God Almighty, and the comes her duty to fellow beings. Islam reminds her that her foremost responsibility is to her husband and children. However, it does not restrict her to that role; she has the right to out and work if she needs to, but she is not obliged to shoulder the financial responsibility for the household. She is encouraged to seek higher education for her own improvement, and subsequently for her offspring. The institution of purdah/veil provides her with an environment of respect and dignity. In no way does it limit her pursuit of a professional career, a business etc.
05:01 AM on 05/30/2012
One’s thoughts, words and action should reflects a sisterly love and respect towards fellow beings. This behaviour leads to one’s own moral enlistment, and also creates an atmosphere where men and women, instead of resenting and degrading each other, treat each other with respect and understanding. Thus hijab/purdah provides Muslim women with freedom from some the problems that modern society is facing today. In Islam woman is not regarded as a “sex object” nor is she exploited or harassed in this demeaning manner. As a matter of fact, various feminist movements are trying to deal with these issues today, sometimes with little success. A Muslim woman is free to develop in herself other talents, and does not have to rely on her physical beauty to achieve that she wants. At the same time when a woman practices hijab/purdah in the true manner, she fulfills her responsibility to society and gains satisfaction in the knowledge that she is able to gain nearness to God
05:00 AM on 05/30/2012
This teaching is based on the fact that Islam recognizes that “prevention is the better part of a cure“. So segregation of the sexes is prescribed so that situations which cannot be controlled afterwards, are not allowed to develop in the first place. In this way, erosion of moral values can be prevented, and society is safeguarded from problems such as adultery, teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. However, physical covering is the only first step to developing hijab. The true and full observance of hijab/purdah is achieved when “veiling” extends to a man or woman’s mind and heart. This means that one should weil or shield his/her mind and heart from impure and immoral thoughts when in contact with the opposite sex.
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Paul Wagland
Resistance is fertile
05:46 PM on 05/31/2012
Sex is neither impure nor immoral. Neither is thinking about it or wanting it.
07:23 PM on 06/05/2012
What Islam successfully veils is the intellect. No hat needed.
04:58 AM on 05/30/2012
Islam provides guidance not only for individuals, but also lays down rules for the good of all society. In this case, the institution of hijab/purdah guards the moral condition of society. Muslim women not only have responsibilities as wife, mother and daughter, they also share with men the responsibility of upholding the moral standard of society. The Holy Qura’an has laid down that one of the methods that men and women are to use to achieve that goal is hijab, it says: “Say to the believing men that they restrain their eyes and guard their private parts. That is purer for them. Surely, Allah is well aware of what they do.” (24:31) and “Say to the believing women that they restrain their looks and guard their private parts, and that they display not their beauty or their embellishment except that which is apparent thereof, and that they draw their head coverings over their bosoms…” (24:32). From the verses it is made clear that both men and women are to conduct themselves with modesty and propriety at all times, and especially when in each other’s presence.
07:03 PM on 05/30/2012
"lays down rules for the good of all society."

What is the penalty for apostasy? What is the penalty for homosexuality?
04:56 AM on 05/30/2012
In the teachings of Islam concerning hijab (the veil) segregation of the sexes is probably the most confusing and difficult to accept for modern society. This is because of the widespread and erroneous notion that observing hijab is a heavy restriction imposed on Muslim Women. In fact, the very opposite is true. You will find that hijab is a means of protecting women, and providing them with the freedom from many social ills. The word “purdah/veil” is also used to describe the concept and the practice of hijab.
07:02 PM on 05/30/2012
Why aren't men made to wear the hijab/veil?
07:25 PM on 06/05/2012
Seems like the thing that muslim women need to be protected against is muslim men, who apparently cannot be trusted to restrain their sexual urges upon the sight of hair.
10:06 PM on 05/27/2012
The day I see a Muslim man with all his hair covered by a hijab just like that Muslim women are brainwashed to wear, is the day, I say Islam isn't discriminatory. But now, I mostly see guido type guys in tight t shirts with women hidden from the public. Sure, the author would like us to deny the reality of our eyes, but as I'm not brainwashed by Islam from birth, it is basically impossible for me to agree with her.
08:27 PM on 06/06/2012
u gotta get around more often... and if you've read the article at least 1/2 way down, you'd know she said she did NOT used to wear the hijab.
09:57 PM on 05/26/2012
The Hijab is discriminatory, because muslim parents will force their daughters to wear one and not their sons.
08:25 PM on 06/06/2012
at least they don't force their daughters to wear chest exposing thigh showing clothes, and presenting them as nice targets for sexual assults. smh
07:38 PM on 06/12/2012
That's you not being able to see women as an end as opposed to a means to an end.