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Omar Kholeif

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The Problem With Arab Culture

Posted: 14/09/2012 00:00

I often get asked the question - "do you think Arab culture is having an international renaissance?" This question is often a default position in response to the mixed bag of cross cultural events that has most recently developed to supposedly mirror or 'open up dialogue' around social conditions in the Arab world. Major film festivals such as Berlin, Rotterdam and Cannes, as well as cross-arts festivals such as the Mayor of London's Shubbak Festival (http://www.london.gov.uk/shubbak), have developed programming strands that are intended to encapsulate the feelings of a new generation of Arabs. Ebullience, nostalgia and frustration, as such, become the demarcating devices that curators seek to include in their programming.

Answering the question honestly, however, I would argue that contemporary Arab culture is in an incoherent and helpless state.

My pessimism is not directed at the artists or cultural producers who are working locally, but rather, is a response to the hopeless infrastructure in the region, from which culture can operate. At present, there seem to be two dominant strands for the contextualisation of culture outside of the region: the art market (for niche audiences) and identity politics (for mass audiences).

'The art market in the Arab world is hot' boasted a curatorial colleague recently, and without irony. While, for the international community, soaring auction house prices may suggest signs of 'progress' or a different kind of Western-friendly modernity, the reality is that the art market is a private game that isn't always accessible for the public to partake in. It baffles me that so many individuals will consider the sale of an Arab artist's work into a private and 'non visible' collection as an emblematic barometer of a supposed 'renaissance'. If anything, Arab culture is being commoditised and transformed into a form of private equity.

On a different note, there are large-scale international film festivals that attract global audiences, who gather together to indulge in the richness of world cinema. Still, take a look at the Arab-related programmes on these occasions, and the picture becomes fraught. Indeed, the films that circulate are ones that seem only to be tied to a current affairs news slant. Haphazardly constructed feature 'package' films such as 18 Days (2011), a film consisting of 10 short films by Egyptian filmmakers about the Arab spring, or Yousry Nasrallah's cringe worthy After the Battle (2012) find themselves quickly onto exalted platforms such as the Cannes film festival.

Whom do these projects serve? Some will argue that any profile is better than none, but my belief is that we are too often witness to microwave-ready programme development, which leaves the richer sedimentary work too often shielded from the international public's view.

It is for this very reason that I became interested in exploring Arab popular culture as a means by which to study and develop a different understanding of what constitutes Arab cultural production. Over the years, my research has evidenced that the mass medium of Arab cinema that we receive in Britain and in much of Europe, as well as the USA, does not reflect the authenticity of local tastes in Arabic-speaking countries.

The reasons for this are manifold, but the most explicit explanations relate to a poor system of archiving and distribution locally, and the highbrow snobbery of the purveyors who purport to construct the canon of 'world cinema'. In my experience of organising Arab film festivals in 2012 alone, my team and I have come up against numerous hurdles. I have found that some of the most popular Arab films of all time have been purchased by private firms such as the Saudi-owned broadcaster, ART, whom decided at the last minute to revoke its offer to loan us film prints, arguing that they were too busy during the Holy month of Ramadan to entertain the idea. One film print was detained due to contentious licensing rights issues, while one filmmaker was too terrified to send us his print in the fear of it getting lost or sabotaged - asserting that he could only afford to ever produce one version of the film print.

Unfortunately, the art house distribution labels that possess the skill set to alleviate these problems are much too concerned with acquiring faux European fare. Melodrama, comedy and culturally specific comedies are in turn sidelined for material that boasts a vérité or documentary aesthetic that can be marketed off the back of much broader socio-political issues.

The challenge of writing popular Arab cinema into world cinema's history therefore becomes more sophisticated. How do we encourage audiences and distributors to shift their entrenched viewing patterns? How do we encourage local filmmakers and distributors to value local cinema? Arguably, we require an international network of festivals, patrons, funders and filmmakers to come together to develop an infrastructure. This will develop a much more fluid state, whereby different forms of Arab cinema (and more broad cultural production) can come to the fore.

Part of my work has led to a new festival at the ICA; London called Safar: A Journey Through Popular Arab Cinema, which seeks to offer a much more sincere representation of local popular culture. With this as a jumping point, I hope that there will be a much more nuanced engagement with popular Arab culture - with both its it's history and its future.

Safar: A Journey Through Popular Arab Cinema runs at the ICA, London from the 21st of September to the 27th of September (www.arabbritishcentre.org.uk).

 
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I often get asked the question - "do you think Arab culture is having an international renaissance?" This question is often a default position in response to the mixed bag of cross cultural events tha...
I often get asked the question - "do you think Arab culture is having an international renaissance?" This question is often a default position in response to the mixed bag of cross cultural events tha...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Marchmont
11:06 AM on 09/16/2012
Benghazi ‘freedom fighters’ who owed their victory over Gadaffi to President Obama marked another anniversary of 9/11 by burning down the city’s US consulate. They fired US rockets at American Ambassador Chris Stevens’ car setting it alight and used US guns to kill the two marines trying to pull the dying diplomat to safety. Extremists sympathetic to al-Qa'ida used an obscure American film about the Prophet Muhammad as a pretext but a murderous Arab mob needs little encouragement. The Muslim Brotherhood called protesters out onto Cairo’s streets after Friday prayers encouraging them to scale the walls of the embassy and tear down the US flag. President Morsi gave a belated and cynical condemnation of the attacks his party had ordered - so it looks like another triumph for US intervention in the Arab Spring.
11:39 PM on 09/14/2012
While some of the Arab world's problems are cultural...it is the demographic time bomb that will prove fatal. Let's face it except for oil there is nothing the Arab world produces that the rest of the world wants. Exploding populations within contracting economies are unsustainable. Egypt's tourist industry is on life support. I don't know what the solution is.....but fundamentalism certainly isn't it.
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novelist2000
veritas non olet
06:15 AM on 09/16/2012
I agree, I also see some of the current problems (Great Depression II and the eruptions of discontent) as the population bomb exploding. What can you expect when populations increase faster than livelihoods.

On the matter of movies: English is not my mother tongue and in my youth I saw many Hollywood movies dubbed into our language. I have never understood, Mr. Kholeif, why it was possible to overdub from English into other languages, but not from other languages into English. If Arab (or Russian, or Latin American) Films could be dubbed into English they would attract a larger audience than with subtitles and it would enhance understanding that country. Hillary's lack of understanding is a good example, and probably beyond repair now, not helpful.

You could be forgiven for believing someone had declared dubbing into English illegal. It is a special skill, for the translators and the actors, but it's not rocket science and has been practiced in Berlin for 60 years. (Search for Synchronstudio, they probably have an English page).
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hearthammer
If left is right and right is wrong, decide!
09:47 AM on 09/16/2012
Overdubbing into English is gross. It disturbs the "feel" of the film and makes the viewer feel like a fool. If you don't believe me, watch the German film "Das Boot" in the original language and the dubbed version. The film, in it's original language, is far better than the dubbed version!
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mmartini54
Roll on 2015!
09:17 PM on 09/14/2012
The culture of victimhood.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Pietro Sommavilla
09:07 PM on 09/14/2012
"do you think Arab culture is having an international renaissance?"

Nope, they still live in the early middle ages.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ExUngui
For a pessimist all surprises are on the upside
02:42 PM on 09/14/2012
What a disappointing article. If you have your parochial problems, hash them out within your artistic community. If you entitle your post "The problem with Arab culture" then write on that subject. I want my two minutes back.
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Son of Sensi
To be or not to be, is that seriously a question?
05:15 PM on 09/14/2012
agreed in full
08:38 AM on 09/14/2012
Chris Hitchens once observed that wherever religion dominates we find social, cultural and political backwardness. It's high time the Arab world emerged from the darkness of religion into a new world.
09:52 AM on 09/14/2012
Erm, Abu Simbel, the Parthenon, Angkor Wat, The works of Bede, the Alhambra Mosque, Chartres Cathedral, The Sistine Chapel, The King James Bible, Mozart's Mass in C Major, The Abolition of Slavery?
10:58 AM on 09/14/2012
I agree, notimejeff's response seems to be a parochial default response stereotyping religion.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ExUngui
For a pessimist all surprises are on the upside
02:39 PM on 09/14/2012
1. In the world were religions controlled most of disposable income would you really expect much art produced that was not commissioned by religion?
2. Your list is funny. There is not such thing as "Alhambra Mosque", Alhambra was a private palace, a gorgeous one (I was there, I know) but a secular structure. I have never seen a mosque as beautiful as that palace, which goes directly against your argument. Sistine Chapel (just like all church art including the Cathedral in Chartres), ALL of Mozart's Masses (like most other masses including Bach's) were commissioned by the church. There is just as much great secular art once secular wealth appears. I am sure you can come up with examples, I am limited to 250 words here.

KJV was a hack job of translation and its presumed literary qualities owe to the fact that it was widely read and as a result influenced the language.

Abolition of slavery? Really? The other side had a much better argument based on religion than abolitionists did. Slavery was abolished everywhere in the world without much reference to religion. In fact, religion is one of the reasons slavery lasted as long as it did.
04:03 PM on 09/14/2012
Well then the western world is very backward and still needs to emerge from it's Christian Dark Ages. What is happening in the world today but yet another Crusade against infidel Muslims...human beings are just slightly smarter monkeys trying to sustain rationality at least sometimes. That is the problem. We are still very tribal, religion is just one way to express that. Arab 'backwardness' is just another form of British colonial racism, civilizing the savages and all that. we must conquer and reform them. Show them the light. LOL. Hitchens was an opinionated drunk. A product of British upper class arrogance and racism.