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The Euro in 2012 - What Can We Expect?

Posted: 28/12/11 00:00 GMT

The world economy will grow next year, but growth will be largely confined to developing nations. Their ability to grow even when developed economies are struggling has surprised economists. It means that we can be confident that fewer children will go to bed hungry next year than this year. That is something to be celebrated.

Closer to home the eurozone will remain a mess. This is because policy makers continue to concentrate on financial issues, rather than on fundamental economic issues. The critical issue is unit labour costs - Roger Bootle's "graph of the year", the seventh in this excellent series. Since the creation of the eurozone, German unit labour costs have stayed low, while others have risen. The result is that Germany is super-competitive, and everywhere else is uncompetitive. The ECB buying - or not buying - Italian bonds makes no difference to this, and is simply papering over the cracks.

There are two ways out. Either all the countries on the graph except Germany can cut wages by 25%. Or Germany (and Austria, and a few others) can raise wages by 25%. Both will achieve what the Eurozone needs: internal economic balance.

Cutting wages by 25% is simply not going to happen. People have all sorts of bills that are fixed in nominal terms - most obviously mortgages and other debts. Utility prices, petrol, and the like are also essentially fixed by international levels of supply and demand. A 25% pay cut is not a vote winner and - Ireland perhaps excepted - it will not happen.

The only way to envisage a long term future for the euro is for Germany to announce a 2% pay rise for all workers, every month, for a year. The only exemptions would be for companies that formally filed for bankrupcy. If Germany is willing to do this, then the euro will survive, because it will be balanced internally. It will not survive otherwise.

It would not be painless for Germany. Prices would rise, and Germans don't like that. Some German firms would lose out - VWs would become less competitive, and Fiats more so. At a macro-economic level that is a good thing, but it won't feel good in Wolfsburg, when workers lose their jobs.

Still, the alternative is for Italy to leave the euro, and that is even worse for Germany. If Italy leaves the Euro, the lire will fall, and Italian firms, from Fiat to Luxottica will become more competitive. Italy produces things people want to buy and a fall in price will lead them to flock to the Italians' doors. Wolfsburg will suffer from Fiat's improved competitive position, but Germany will also have to cope with writing down the Italian debt held by German banks. Italy will also become the cheapest place to holiday in the Med, hitting every other Mediterranean country. For the Mediterranean, one out, all out, surely?

It is too early to predict the end of the euro. But sooner or later, Italians are going to say: "You shall not press down upon the brow of labour this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify humanity upon a cross of euros". Unless Germany does what needs doing, the Euro will collapse sooner or later. And if that is going to happen, better - for Italians at least - that it happens sooner.

 

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12:09 AM on 12/31/2011
This will not happen, because German pensioners will suffer. Remember they are a powerful constituency for every middle of the road political party.
02:11 PM on 12/30/2011
So if Germany, as the strongest economy in Europe, rises all wages and looses its competitiveness on the international market - how is this going to help the Euro in medium or long term?
If Germany cripples its own economy, I recon all members of the EU would suffer. Who is going to pay for all the production- and infrastructure subsidies? Who will bail for all the other EU members?

There is a german term that directly translates "milk maid calculation", describing a very short term or unintelligent suggestion. That term fits perfectly to this article.
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05:48 PM on 12/29/2011
Even if Germany raises wages as suggested and corrects the current imbalance, what mechanism is in place to insure that 5 or 10 years down the road another horrendous imbalance does not occur? The problem is with the very structure of the euro and its inflexibility and inability to accurately reflect the 17 different economies of the eurozone. Until that is dealt with any other solution is temporary and fleeting.
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Norma Ward
12:36 PM on 12/28/2011
Studies show that as governments, businesses and individuals accrue higher and higher levels of debt, additional stimulus spending (and debt accrual) will actually result in lowered economic growth as shown here:

http://viableopposition.blogspot.com/2011/12/debt-break-over-point-when-is-too-much.html

For governments, the debt threshold is 84 percent of GDP (the United States is now very close to 100 percent), for corporate debt, the threshold is between 75 and 90 percent depending on whether controls are in place for banking crises and for household debt, the threshold is estimated at 84 percent. In the case of government debt, when the debt exceeds the 84 percent threshold, an additional 10 percentage point increase in debt-to-GDP will actually drive growth downward by 10 to 15 basis points (0.1 to 0.15 percent). This additional debt has the exact opposite impact on the economy that governments want.
06:34 AM on 12/28/2011
For the uninitiated the US$ is the benchmark currency for international trade. German industry exports all over the world. For a business like Mercedes-Benz for example her US$ revenues are at the very least as great as her Euro revenues; probably more so.

To suggest that she should add 25% to her labour costs, thereby wrecking her competitiveness in international markets so that Fiat in Italy for example can sell more cars in Euroland is economic madness. Just imagine if Merkel were to include this in her party manifesto the next time she goes to the polls. She would rightly be out on her ear.

The only possible solution for Italy and the rest of them is, as it has always been reverting to the lira, drachma, escudo and punt and submitting to the discipline of devaluation.
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floodberg
Attorney (ret.)
10:09 PM on 12/28/2011
Figurewizard, solid reasoning, but I disagree with your last paragraph.  I've got a bet that Germany will be the first one to revert to its own currency.  That, to me, would allow the euro to devalue (and hurt a few countries in the process).
08:31 AM on 12/29/2011
Any solution to the Euro crisis is going to hurt a few countries. In fact Germany reverting to the Deutschmark could be one such. Assuming that the rest of the Eurozone would maintain the Euro as their currency, a new Deutschmark would certainly rise in value against it. The problem however is that it would also probably rise against the US$, Sterling, the Yen and other currencies. No German (or any other) political leader could contemplate such a sacrifice.

Nor would the structural imbalances solve what would be left of the Euro. An effective 20% devaluation against a new Deutschmark might be right for Ireland's Euro but maybe not enough for Greece and too much for Italy.

When you consider the problem of the Euro, the only conclusion anyone can logically draw is that it is structurally unsound. There is only one answer to that, which is to demolish it before it collapses altogether.
01:25 AM on 12/28/2011
http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-12-27/italians-cut-spending-in-worst-christmas-in-10-years-economy.html

Italians Cut Spending in Worst Christmas in 10 Years: Economy

http://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL6E7NR0L220111227

Greek retail sees worst Christmas sales in decades

ATHENS Dec 27 (Reuters) - Greece's stores had their worst Christmas in decades, with retail sales dropping by 30 percent compared with the same period last year as the economic crisis shattered consumer confidence, the ESEE retail federation said on Tuesday.
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floodberg
Attorney (ret.)
10:55 PM on 12/28/2011
Y'know, Castlemike, great links and comments. I've been watching the EU turn in the same kind of figures, and the US ones will stink as well; and the unrest/protests in GR and IT aren't being covered by most media.  You and I and my fellow great unwashed are validly concerned with the average citizens' well-being, quality of life, and likelihood of civil disorder.  The EU plutocrats, however, are 1) focused on maintaining the wealth of the very wealthy and 2) can control the public perception (eg, media coverage) of how 'happy' citizens are with these new, unelected 'technocrat' governments.