Teenage girls who study more vocational GCSEs rather than traditional academic courses may be putting themselves at a disadvantage, research suggests.
A new survey concludes that young girls who study an "applied" subject, such as health and social care, had a "significantly lower" chance of studying A-levels.
The findings come in the week that teenagers across England, Wales and Northern Ireland receive their GCSE results.
Researchers from the Centre for Longitudinal Studies and UCL's Institute of Education used data from the Next Steps study of 16,000 youngsters born in England in 1989/90 and the National Pupil Database to compare the GCSEs these youngsters took in 2007/08 and what they went on to do next.
A suite of eight "applied" vocational subjects were introduced in England in 2002, including engineering, health and social care, leisure and tourism and science. Applied GCSEs are now being phased out.
The study found that taking "applied" subjects reduced the chances of girls going on to do A-levels than it did for boys.
"For girls, the advantage of following an EBacc-eligible curriculum seems to be greatest in promoting facilitating A-level subjects, which may increase their chances of gaining access to higher education and in particular the Russell Group and higher ranked universities," the paper says.
"This may be driven by the fact that girls who did not study an EBacc-eligible curriculum were particularly unlikely to take science A-levels."
The EBacc (English Baccalaureate), introduced in 2010, is a measure that recognises pupils who take a group of academic subjects - English, maths, science, history or geography and a language, while "facilitating" subjects are A-levels often favoured by leading universities, such as maths, science and humanities subjects.
"On average, both boys and girls had a greater chance of studying A-levels if they had previously pursued an EBacc-eligible curriculum," researchers said.
"Unlike boys however, if girls studied an applied subject they had a significantly lower probability of studying A-levels at age 16."
Lead author Vanessa Moulton, said: "Applied subjects are particularly strongly gendered, with girls and boys taking completely different subjects.
"Essentially what you see is predominantly working class girls taking subjects such as health and social care, which do not necessarily enhance their future prospects."
A Department for Education spokesman said: "The Government is phasing out applied GCSEs in favour of more academic GCSEs as part of our reforms to make the system more robust and rigorous, to match the best education systems in the world and to keep pace with universities' and employers' demands."