Posted:  |  Updated: 06/09/12 08:50

Change My Mind: Should Circumcision Be Banned?

Circumcision is psychologically damaging, good for children, barbaric, and a vital tradition - all at the same time.

The decision by a German judge to effectively ban the practice in June reignited an age-old debate over whether or not it is right to remove the male foreskin.

On Monday, a new American study claimed the health benefits of outweighed the risks, saying it may prevent diseases like HIV and has no negative effect on sexual satisfaction.

But the procedure, normally practised in Jewish and Muslim communities, remains controversial.

What do you think about circumcision? Our bloggers, Jeremy Newmark of the Jewish leadership council and Paul Livingston, a trainee barrister, see if they can change your mind.

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Circumcision Should Be Banned

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Paul Livingston Budding barrister and fanatic football fan

Have you heard the one about the blind mohel who 'got the sack'? I believe that it is time that he was made redundant, as the removal of a child's foreskin at a young age, when he is unable to consent, should be banned. The permanency, intimacy and violation of personal integrity that such a procedure involves require a strong and rational justification, which simply does not exist.

The central argument made in favour of allowing circumcision its religious and cultural importance for both Jews and Muslims. When pushed for an answer on why it is important, the response is invariably "because we are told that we must do this by (insert Holy Book/Religious Leader)".

The Chief Rabbi of Lower Saxony, near to where a German Court effectively banned circumcision earlier this year, argued that "It's more than a ritual...it's a core part of the religion", but regardless of what he or Jeremy Newmark claims about its importance to the religion, it is indeed an ancient ritual.

Even if it is part of a Jewish view of finishing God's work by removing the unnecessary (and I note the lack of encouragement of child appendix removals), we no longer accept religious/cultural practices as self-evidently permissible in a liberal democracy and therefore further analysis is needed.

Medical opinion is anything but clear on the issue and although some say that circumcision can reduce the risk of HIV and that there are potential medical benefits, this is far from widely accepted. Indeed, others point out that the relationship between circumcision and HIV is unclear and the real risk of consequences strongly outweighs the unconvincing evidence that it is useful or necessary in terms of prevention or hygiene.

Objective sources are hard to find on this subject, but even the NHS website states that medically, the possible complications outweigh any potential benefits. This debate therefore must be premised on circumcision being a non-medical procedure.

One could certainly argue that because it is non-medical, the fact that any children die from infection or suffer gross and unbearable dysfunction or disfigurement after circumcision is enough in itself to say that it should be banned. The very fact that circumcision regularly takes place outside a hospital and is often carried out by religious figures who are not medically qualified presents real and obvious dangers.

There is also a human rights debate to be had about circumcision. Although there may be difficulties with limitation to overcome, one could certainly see the prospect of a teenage boy who has Gillick competence bringing a claim against the state on the basis that their right under Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights to not be subject to "inhuman or degrading treatment" has been infringed.

The state's failure to protect the child from the permanent alteration of the penis could certainly be argued to be degrading. To contend that an adult's qualified right to manifest their religion under Article 9 of the ECHR somehow outweighs this, appears to show an archaic disregard for the rights of a child.

Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the concept of 'Parental Responsibility', parents should act in their child's best interests. The decision to circumcise is made with scant regard for this and is instead a pursuit of the parents' religious beliefs and/or cultural practices, which leaves children from the age of 8 days old (for Jewish boys) with a permanent reminder.

Dinah Rose QC recently made the contrary argument that circumcision is in a child's best interests, as part of a child's wellbeing is being part of a community. Whilst being typically formidably argued, this failed to acknowledge that if circumcision was banned, it would no longer be necessary to be a part of that community and that the same argument about cultural exclusion could be used for forced marriages.

It is also important to note that the tactic of portraying this argument to be anti-Semitic or Islamophobic and the use of Holocaust comparisons only weakens any argument in favour of circumcision and suggests that others don't stand up to scrutiny. Just as I know that most Jews and Muslims are not possessed by a desire to reduce their child's sexual pleasure and permanently disfigure them; it is intellectually lazy to label the anti-circumcision argument as motivated by hatred when it is largely a rationalist one.

The main cost of banning circumcision would be that religious groups are not allowed to carry out their religious/cultural ritual. Judaism and Islam would continue to survive and we would continue the modernisation of religious practices in civic society that includes, amongst others: the abolition of slavery; the ban on the death penalty; the ban on female genital mutilation (FGM); and the legalisation of homosexuality. Whilst I would acknowledge that FGM is not a perfect comparator, the permanent disfigurement, irreversibility, loss of sexual pleasure and lack of consent are all similar hallmarks. Vaccinations are widely accepted to be medically beneficial and are therefore carried out by the NHS as a medical procedure, making them entirely incomparable.

Put starkly, the benefits of banning circumcision of non-consenting children would be: (i) No potential complications; (ii) No permanent disfigurement of the penis and consequent reduction in sensitivity; (iii) No decision made about the child's religion eight days into his life; and (iv) Greater respect for the physical integrity of the child.

Finally, it is important to remember the position from which this debate should be taking place. Given that circumcision involves the non-medical removal of a child's foreskin without his consent and therefore a prima facie assault, as a society we must be convinced of the rational arguments in favour of it being permitted.

Many of you may have already made your minds up and would describe your views as irreversible. So was the removal of my foreskin.

Jeremy Newmark CEO - The Jewish Leadership Council

Male circumcision has been a fundamental practice in Jewish life for over 3,500 years, originating with Abraham.

It is more than just a rite of passage; it is an essential link to our heritage and our culture. It is a joyous family celebration. This is a position shared with many in the Muslim community, where circumcision is a near universal rite.

There are numerous religious reasons behind brit milah, as the practice is called in Judaism, as well as the widely accepted health benefits.

An expert study just released by John Hopkins University concludes that the procedure is linked to the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and related cancers.

It warns that declining rates of US infant male circumcision could add billions to health care costs. Nowadays those who are trained to perform circumcisions, mohels, are often doctors using anaesthetics and are so proficient that hospitals frequently ask them to perform non-religious circumcisions.

Beyond public policy concerns, and contrary to dogmatic rationalist thought, circumcision is not viewed by Judaism as an act of destruction. It is believed that humanity must finish God's work by removing the unnecessary. The very same belief that is the root of the Jewish idea that we must play an active role in shaping the world, paramount to all aspects of Jewish life; charity, family, community, self-improvement and philanthropy.

Those considering a ban must consider the devastating impact it will have on Jewish and Muslim communities.

Those who understand the true nature of religious circumcision understand the deep communal and familial links created in the process.

Those who wrongly portray circumcision as a sacrifice like ritual, who believe that Jewish and Muslim communities seek mutilation of their children, are either gravely misguided or have sinister motivation.

These images hark back to antisemitic and Islamophobic attacks that have occurred throughout history. If the society we live in is willing to deny one of our most fundamental rituals, what else are they willing to prohibit?

There are two sides to the 'pro-ban' camp. The first are those mentioned above, the xenophobes, who wish to excommunicate and ban 'the other'. Alongside the rise of Islamophobia in Europe we hear calls from the far-right to ban circumcision, using shadowed pretences to conceal their racism.

The other camp is the humanists and individualists who lead the attack on this fundamental religious practice and seemingly care nothing for the essential connection that Jews and Muslims feel with their co-religionists through this rite.

Those who deride religious practices as ancient and barbaric with no place in a modern society - seeing circumcision as easily replaced by a 'modern' alternative - are unable, or unwilling to tolerate religious values. Freedom of religious practice is a cornerstone of liberal democracy.

Angela Merkel was right to distance her government from the recent Cologne court ruling and to introduce legislation to ensure the continuation of brit milah in Germany. This challenge to Jewish practice has already created a snowball effect. The prospect of a German Rabbi being arrested for performing brit milah has sent shivers through the spine of European Jewry - and rightly so.

As any parent can attest to, many difficult choices are made for their children before they are old enough to do so for themselves. These choices affect a person's entire life and personality. Brit milah is not unique; it is another one of these choices. Education, values, religion, and other matters such as vaccinations are all such choices, made without the child's express consent. Nobody seeks to curtail the rights of parents in any of these matters. Why should circumcision be treated any differently?

This piece was authored with input from Jon Benjamin, CEO of the Board of Deputies of British Jews

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Circumcision is psychologically damaging, good for children, barbaric, and a vital tradition - all at the same time. The decision by a German judge to effectively ban the practice in June reignited...
Circumcision is psychologically damaging, good for children, barbaric, and a vital tradition - all at the same time. The decision by a German judge to effectively ban the practice in June reignited...
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
JakobHunter
Bloke /English
15:27 on 11/01/2013
"As a result of a freedom of information request, it was found that, in one hospital alone in 2011, 11 baby boys needed to beadmitted to the hospital's paediatric intensive care unit with serious, life-threatening complications following circumcision. In this age group there is rarely a medical reason for circumcision so it is likely that all of these babies' lives were threatened by an operation on their normal bodies that they did not need.

In February 2012, a baby boy died in North London as a direct result of bleeding complications two days after a ritual circumcision. In this case the coroner ruled that it was a tragic, 'unforeseen' accident and that the rabbi who performed the circumcision was not to blame"

http://www.secularism.org.uk/blog/2012/07/ritual-circumcision--religious-rights-of-parents-are-at-odds-with-best-interests-of-the-child
22:34 on 11/01/2013
how much money are these foreskins worth to the cosmetics industry?
07:24 on 10/09/2012
Circumcision has no place in any civilized society -- that's what jews should have learned when Hadrian tried to teach them nearly two thousand years ago.
15:07 on 29/08/2012
Most Jewish religious parents frown upon premarital sex - don't encourage it & promote marriage within their own community - so if they follow take their own advice / lead / rule - their offspring male and also females aren't likely to get a sexual infection or HIV. Then the need for circumcision on these grounds also becomes redundant.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
JakobHunter
Bloke /English
11:24 on 29/08/2012
Jeremy Newarks whole argument is based on an attack on circumcision is an attack on Jews, and he trys to inflame by suggests that to ban circumcision is a rekindling of Nazi Germany.
It would be better, Jeremy to stick to the facts of the proceedure than to make it an emotive one and make unfounded claims of racisim , some of us actually value the rights of the child.
I could decide that it was important culturally for me to tattoo god is love on my childs shoulder, should I do so I would be arrested and my child would be taken from me.Yet a tattoo can be removed and a foreskin cannot be replaced.
The medical benefits you present are shallow arguments . Less danger of penile canceer ?Penile cancer affects apx 400 men a year , in the UK all over 60.Thats hardly a case for genitle mutilation.
Some real facts about circumcision from the NHS
http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Circumcision/Pages/Introduction.aspx
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Thismortalcoil
Science is the poetry of reality
13:16 on 30/08/2012
Great link, thanks Jacob!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
JakobHunter
Bloke /English
16:37 on 30/08/2012
My pleasure
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Zurichilux
A liberal conservative controversialist
10:25 on 29/08/2012
New-born babies who are unable to give consent should not be mutilated in this way. The foreskin is not some kind of malformation, it is required to protect the sensitivity of the glans. Very rarely does it become a problem, but only then should surgery be required.

For all those people preaching about hygiene - all you have to do is clean underneath it, it isn't that difficult. Besides, is the mutilation of the human penis really necessary in the name of hygiene anyway?

It should have been classed as a serious form of child abuse years ago. For this practice to still be going on is medieval and barbaric.
05:18 on 29/08/2012
The head of the penis is ultra-sensitive to touch and thus key to the pleasure derived from orgasm. The foreskin protects it when not engaged in intercourse thus preventing desensitisation and consequent lack of pleasure.
Pleasure is important to humans as it reinforces the bond between male and female who come together and, having children, need to stay together so that their children are cared for into maturity.
How can people who are circumcised when babies say that it does not reduce pleasure?
This, like FGM, is about control. "Sex is for procreation, not pleasure." Perish the thought that any of the plebs should be having fun or enjoying life, they might realise that they are being "run" by their religious leaders!
02:33 on 29/08/2012
When we do mutilation, we always have good reasons.
02:07 on 29/08/2012
What could be more holy than gods commandment to cut up your own children. Come on guys we live in the 21st century now!
12:05 on 29/08/2012
Hear! Hear! They stopped sacrifices and burning people at the stake etc. a long time ago (for the better)
23:28 on 28/08/2012
I think this debate is not even to start with. A legal expert ought to be weighed against another legal expert. That would have been more interesting.

I think Mr Livingston doth bleat too much. I have been circumsised - don't know when or where or why. Suspect it was when I was a baby and now at 63 I can only say thanks for whoever and as far as I know this never had any detrimental effect on me. Certainly at school it never was an issue and having had two lovely children it didn't affect me in the ways Mr Livingston claims. In fact if anything quite the opposite as I have always had a very active life in that regard.

Plus the fact that some children have to be circumsised when born with an abnormal penis, how could you ban the procedure? I am for parents deciding although think religion is not the best basis on which to base a decision.
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Twisted Diva
In losing my God I redeemed my soul
00:48 on 29/08/2012
What if Mr Livingston just decided that
it ought to be banned on religious grounds..?

And I am happy that your has always performed well............
11:48 on 29/08/2012
If it was purely a religious arguement then that would be fine but the arguments put forward were not the same.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Thismortalcoil
Science is the poetry of reality
09:00 on 29/08/2012
dalejohno, how do you know it never had a detrimental effect on you?

Unless you can remember what it was like having a foreskin (and your post implies that you don't) then you can't compare the two.
11:49 on 29/08/2012
I obviously don't, however not experienced any issues and quite happy with my life.
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22:46 on 28/08/2012
I'm struggling to understand this: If humans were created perfectly by The Creator in the image of God, why would it be necessary to carry out modifications so soon after birth?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Zurichilux
A liberal conservative controversialist
10:29 on 29/08/2012
I think the bible-bashers will happily just glaze over that one...
22:26 on 28/08/2012
Sounds strictly Kosher to be promiscuous!!!!
It seems to contradict and bend the rules.
circumcision really not necessary for religion
it's only when necessary as a cure medically
22:35 on 28/08/2012
Oy vey! Practice what you preach! The good Jewish marrying in the faith. No gentiles! lol.
22:38 on 28/08/2012
Literally could be no genitals!
22:36 on 28/08/2012
If you are an secularist/humanist I can see your point. However the Judaic/Christian traditions have given the society in which now live the overwhelming majority of its moral code and laws...
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Thismortalcoil
Science is the poetry of reality
08:40 on 29/08/2012
Nonsense, we got most of those laws from the Ancient Greeks, especially the good ones about treating other people how you wish to be treated.
11:32 on 29/08/2012
True! But lets just keep the good bits A Healthy (foreskin) and get rid of the bad bits (An unhealthy foreskin - medically only when really necessary) - Traditions are OK if they're not hurting anyone.
21:44 on 28/08/2012
The 'rite' of circumcision on religious grounds is so deeply embedded in the respective faiths' traditions (and beliefs) that a ban is out of the question. It would be akin to ordering Catholics fore-go Communion and would create ructions. It is an integral part of their beliefs.

The health argument in favour has little or no merit. it does not stand up to scrutiny and should not be used to coerce parents into circumcising their sons.

It is disappointing Jeremy Newmark resorted to the meaningless John Hopkins study to bolster his argument. He should have the courage to stick to his religious reasoning, which I feel is justification enough for not banning it, although it makes little sense to those of us of a different, or no denomination.
22:28 on 28/08/2012
Think they gave up whipping oneself & self inflicting pain at communion!
HarkaDahl
rude impatient judgemental and filled with love
21:41 on 28/08/2012
It would be informative if there was another pie chart that displayed how many people were against circumcision *and* against banning it. Not everything is best solved by a ban regardless of how disgusted you are by the practice.
22:37 on 28/08/2012
Good point....
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nikanj
free the fnords
03:24 on 09/09/2012
That would have been my vote and should have been an option.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Dan Jighter
20:57 on 28/08/2012
Finally Newmark observes how I "seemingly care nothing for the essential connection that Jews and Muslims feel with their co-religionists through this rite". No seemingly about it, I don't care. I really don't. The burden is on you, Mr. Newmark, to convince the baby you are performing surgery on and/or the whole of society that circumcision is appropriate and good. You can't convince a baby, they lack the cognitive maturity. You have failed completely to convince me. Again, I don't privilege religion. I don't think your "connection" or finding something "joyous" or even giving it a special name justified you performing surgery on another human being. You are not just having him eat a cracker, you are cutting off part of his body. You owe an infinitely better justification than your religion for cutting off part of someone's body.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Dan Jighter
20:57 on 28/08/2012
I love how the religious say things like "brit milah, as the practice is called in Judaism". It is a very cute and clever way to frame their argument. As if to emphasize that it is a cultural practice. As if just because it has a weird, special name you have to respect it. You never hear liberal argue "uniwellness, as we call it in liberalism". Perhaps secularists should counter argue "genimultilate, as we call it in secularism" or better yet "f---ing, as we call sex in atheism" and come up with special names to emphasize the physical sensations and body part you are depriving from babies surgically. I guess my point is that if anyone made this "(special name), as we call it in (something)" argument in a domain of life other than religion, they would be thoroughly laughed at. But they do this with religion and mention some special name, it's like I absolutely must respect it. Well, I won't. I don't treat religion with privilege.