Paper Clip-Sized Implant Could Lower Blood Pressure, Say Scientists

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A simple implant the size of a paper clip can dramatically lower high blood pressure in patients not responding to drugs, research has shown.

The device, called a "coupler", is inserted between an artery and vein in the upper thigh during a 40-minute procedure under local anaesthetic.

It creates a passage way between the two vessels that acts like a safety valve, reducing pressure in the arterial system by allowing some blood to flow into the veins.

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The effectiveness of the device was studied in a group of 83 patients with uncontrolled hypertension, or high blood pressure.

Forty four were fitted with the coupler while the rest acted as a "control group" and received conventional drug treatment.

Those given the implant experienced a "significant and durable" reduction in blood pressure compared with the control group, said the scientists. They also had fewer complications and hospital admissions linked to high blood pressure.

The device also worked well in patients who had failed to respond to renal denervation, a procedure that involves the removal of nerves.

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Foods That Lower Blood Pressure Naturally

Kiwis(01 of07)

Research presented at a meeting last year of the American Heart Association shows that eating three kiwis a day is linked with decreased blood pressure.That study included 188 men and women age 55 and older, with slightly high blood pressure. They were instructed to eat three kiwis a day, or an apple a day for eight weeks.The researchers found that the people who ate the kiwis had lower systolic blood pressure levels than those who ate the apples. Kiwis are known to be rich in lutein, which means they have antioxidant properties. Flickr photo by whologwhy. (credit:Getty )

Peas, Bananas And Other Potassium-Rich Foods (02 of07)

A 2005 study in the journal Hypertension found that it's possible to get the blood pressure-lowering effects from potassium-containing foods, instead of just from a potassium supplement.Researchers from St. George's Medical School in London found that people who consumed potassium citrate -- which is found naturally in food -- has the same effects in decreasing blood pressure in people with hypertension as those who took potassium chloride, which is only available as a supplement, Harvard Medical School reported.Flickr photo by robin_24. (credit:Getty )

Watermelon(03 of07)

Watermelon is not just refreshing, it contains a bounty of nutrients including fiber, lycopenes, vitamin A and potassium, according to the Mother Nature Network. And, a study from Florida State University researchers shows that an amino acid found -- called L-citrulline/L-arginine -- in watermelon could also have blood pressure-lowering effects. The researchers had nine people with prehypertension take 6 grams of the L-citrulline/L-arginine amino acid a day over a six-week period. They found that the study participants had lower blood pressure, as well as better functioning of their arteries. Flickr photo by Gudlyf. (credit:Getty )

(Purple) Potatoes(04 of07)

Spuds may get a bad rap in the foodsphere, but a small study presented last year at a meeting of the American Chemical Society showed that the purple-hued root vegetables have blood pressure-lowering powers that are nearly as effective as oatmeal, without packing on pounds. The study included 18 people with high blood pressure. They ate six to eight purple potatoes (including the skins!) twice a day, for a month-long period. The researchers found that the study participants' systolic and diastolic blood pressure dropped at the end of the research period. (Though, it should be noted that this was just an observational study, and the potato-eaters' blood pressure was not compared to people who did not eat purple potatoes during the study.) Flickr photo by Taransa. (credit:Flickr: Taransa)

Tofu(05 of07)

Eating a lot of tofu and other soy foods -- like soy nuts, miso, edamame, tempeh and soy milk -- is linked with decreased blood pressure, WebMD reported.The study, presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Cardiology, included 5,000 people whose diets were tracked over 20 years. The researchers found that the ones who consumed the most isoflavones -- found in soy, as well as peanuts and green tea -- had lower systolic blood pressure than those who consumed the fewest isoflavones, according to WebMD. Flickr photo by FotoosVanRobin. (credit:Flickr: FotoosVanRobin)

Chocolate(06 of07)

Chocolate is linked with a lower BMI -- and it could be beneficial for people with hypertension.A 2010 review of studies in the journal BMC Medicine showed that flavanols, which are found in chocolate, seemed to promote the dilation of blood vessels, which in turn can lower blood pressure. "Flavanols have been shown to increase the formation of endothelial nitric oxide, which promotes vasodilation and consequently may lower blood pressure," study researcher Dr. Karin Ried, of the University of Adelaide in Austria, said in a statement. "There have, however, been conflicting results as to the real-life effects of eating chocolate. We've found that consumption can significantly, albeit modestly, reduce blood pressure for people with high blood pressure but not for people with normal blood pressure."Flickr photo by Siona Karen. (credit:Flickr: Siona Karen)

Chili Peppers(07 of07)

If you love a little heat with your food, it could be doing your blood pressure a favor, too. A 2010 study in the journal Cell Metabolism showed that capsaicin -- the spicy ingredient in chili peppers -- could help to lower blood pressure in rats with hypertension. However, the researchers from the Third Military Medical University in China noted that the results need to be replicated in humans. Flickr photo by Trostle. (credit:Flickr: Trostle)

Lead researcher Dr Melvin Lobo, from Queen Mary, University of London, said: "This is an entirely new and highly promising concept in high blood pressure treatment. Existing drugs focus on hormonal or neurological regulation of blood pressure, and newer treatments such as renal denervation are uniquely centred on the renal nervous system.

"The coupler effectively targets the mechanical aspects of how blood circulation works - so it's a totally new approach to controlling blood pressure. The coupler also highlights the importance of arterial stiffness as a major cause of resistant high blood pressure and it targets this issue both safely and successfully.

"Once the coupler is placed, the results are also immediate, which again is unique to this treatment."

Patients with the coupler had their average systolic, or "pumping", blood pressure reduced by 26.9 millimetres of mercury compared with 3.7 mm Hg for the control group.

The implant is made by the US company Rox Medical, which funded the study published online in The Lancet medical journal.

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