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Working Long Hours Increases Stroke Risk, Research Finds

Working Long Hours Could Increase Your Risk Of Stroke
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Staying late at the office for even an hour or two can increase the chances of suffering a stroke, according to research.

Working long hours might impress the boss or even win promotion - but clock-watchers are likely to have the last laugh, a study shows, as they are at less risk of a potentially fatal stroke or heart attack.

Data on more than 500,000 men and women from the US, Europe and Australia revealed that the longer people worked, the more likely they were to have a stroke.

Risk level was compared with that of people working a typical 35 to 40-hour week.

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Working 41 to 48 hours a week was associated with a 10% risk increase, which rose higher as the hours mounted up. Working 49 to 54 hours pushed up the chances of a stroke by 27% and 55 or more hours raised the risk by a third.

The hardest grafters also experienced a more modest 13% increased risk of heart disease.

Scientists employed a meta-analysis technique to pull together results from 25 studies allowing trends to be seen that may have been previously hidden.

Lead author Professor Mika Kivimaki, from University College London, said: "The pooling of all available studies on this topic allowed us to investigate the association between working hours and cardiovascular disease risk with greater precision than has previously been possible.

"Health professionals should be aware that working long hours is associated with a significantly increased risk of stroke, and perhaps also coronary heart disease."

The findings are published in The Lancet medical journal.

Why working long hours has such an impact on stroke risk remains unclear. The scientists suggest that as well as stress, unhealthy behaviours such as physical inactivity and high alcohol consumption might be involved.

Dr Urban Janlert, from Umea University in Sweden, wrote in the journal: "Long working hours are not a negligible occurrence. Among member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Turkey has the highest proportion of individuals working more than 50 hours per week (43%), and the Netherlands the lowest (less than 1%).

"For all OECD countries, a mean of 12% of employed men and 5% of employed women work more than 50 hours per week.

"Although some countries have legislation for working hours - eg, the EU Working Time Directive gives people the right to limit their average working time to 48 hours per week - it is not always implemented. Therefore, that the length of a working day is an important determinant mainly for stroke, but perhaps also for coronary heart disease, is an important finding."

Dr Mike Knapton, associate medical director at the British Heart Foundation, which part-funded the study, said: "This research shows an association between long working hours and an increased risk of having a stroke and heart disease.

"It is plausible that there could be a causal relationship behind the link as sudden death following long working hours is often caused by stroke, due to long and repeated periods of stress, although that was not demonstrated in this study.

"More research is needed if we are to understand and treat the biological processes that can lead to increased risk of stroke and heart disease for people who work long hours.

"This study highlights to doctors that they need to pay particular attention to cardiovascular risk factors when they advise people who work long hours."

Foods That Lower Stroke Risk
Chocolate(01 of07)
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A Swedish study in the journal Neurology showed that eating chocolate is linked with a lower risk of stroke in men. The study, which included 37,103 men, showed that men who ate the most chocolate in the 10-year study had a 17 percent lower risk of stroke, compared with those who didn't report eating any chocolate during that time period. (credit:Alamy)
Whole Grains(02 of07)
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Eating lots of whole grains could help to lower risk of ischemic stroke for women, according to a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association. The findings showed that women who ate the most whole grains in the study (like the amount you'd get by eating two or three whole grain bread slices every day) had a 30 to 40 percent lower stroke risk, compared with women who ate the fewest whole grains in the study (like the amount you'd get by eating just a half-slice of whole grain bread every day), according to ABC News. (credit:Alamy)
Citrus Fruits(03 of07)
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An antioxidant found in citrus fruits could help to lower risk of stroke in women, according to a study of 70,000 women earlier this year in the journal Stroke. Researchers from Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital found that women who consumed the most flavonoids over a 14-year period had a 19 percent lower risk of stroke than the women who consumed the fewest flavonoids during that time period. (credit:Alamy)
Antioxidants(04 of07)
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While antioxidants aren't exactly a food on their own, fruits, vegetables and whole grains that are rich in them are linked with a lower stroke risk for women. Research published in the journal Stroke: Journal of the American Heart Association showed that women with no heart disease history who consumed the most antioxidants from food had a 17 percent lower risk of stroke, and women with a heart disease history who consumed the most antioxidants from food had a 57 percent decreased risk of hemorrhagic stroke. The researchers, from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, speculated that the protection comes from antioxidants' ability to stop inflammation and oxidative stress in the body by neutralizing harmful free radicals. Antioxidants can also help to reduce blood clots and lower blood pressure and decrease inflammation, according to the American Heart Association. (credit:Alamy)
Low-Fat Dairy (05 of07)
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Consuming low-fat dairy could help to lower the risk of stroke, according to a Stroke study. The research showed that the adults who consumed the most low-fat dairy over a 10-year period had a 12 percent lower risk of stroke compared with those who consumed the least low-fat dairy over the time period. "It is possible that vitamin D in low-fat dairy foods may explain, in part, the observed lowered risk of stroke in this study because of its potential effect on blood pressure," study researcher Susanna Larsson, Ph.D., associate professor of nutritional epidemiology at the Karolinska Institutet, said in a statement. (credit:Alamy)
Magnesium-Rich Foods (06 of07)
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Foods loaded with magnesium -- like beans, nuts leafy greens and whole grains -- are linked with a lower risk of ischemic stroke, WebMD Reported. The findings, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, showed specifically that for each 100 milligrams of magnesium consumed each day, ischemic stroke risk went down by 9 percent. (credit:Alamy)
Fish(07 of07)
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Making sure to eat some fish every week could help to lower risk of stroke, according to a review of studies published in the journal Stroke. Reuters reported on the study, which showed that eating fish several times a week was linked with a lower risk of stroke, compared with non-fish eaters. "I think overall, fish does provide a beneficial package of nutrients, in particular the omega-3s, that could explain this lower risk," Dariush Mozaffarian, an epidemiologist at the Harvard School of Public Health, whose research was part of the Stroke analysis, told Reuters. (credit:Alamy)