Breast Cancer Trial To Investigate How Weight Loss Affects Recurrence Of Disease

'This will be the largest study that’s ever tested the impact of weight loss on cancer.'
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A new cancer trial will look into how lifestyle choices such as diet and fitness can help prevent the disease from returning.

The trial will explore how weight loss is associated with breast cancer recurrence.

It's already known that being overweight contributes to the development of 11 different cancers. However researchers also believe it can affect how people respond to treatment and their risk of the cancer returning.

If the trial is successful, it is believed that diet and exercise programmes could be prescribed to cancer patients to help stop the disease from returning.

Dr Jennifer Ligibel, assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, said of the trial: "This will be the largest study that’s ever tested the impact of weight loss on cancer – any form of cancer."

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Previous studies have found a link between weight loss and cancer recurrence, however this new trial will be the first randomised controlled trial to specifically focus on how weight loss affects cancer.

The trial will follow 3,200 women from the US and Canada who are overweight and obese with a BMI of at least 27, PA reported.

Participants will be randomly assigned to two groups, with the intervention arm receiving weight-loss advice to lose 10% of their body weight alongside an exercise programme, for two years.

Participants will consume around 1,200 to 1,500 calories per day and exercise for about 150 minutes a week for the first six months. This will increase to 250 minutes where possible.

Dr Ligibel explained that brisk walks also count as exercise. She said: "It’s a very accessible form of exercise. It doesn’t cost anything. You just need a pair of shoes."

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Breast Cancer Signs And Treatment
What Are The Symptoms?(01 of10)
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"A new painless, firm breast lump with irregular margins is a potential symptom of breast cancer," says Dr. Sandhya Pruthi, a breast cancer researcher at the Mayo Clinic. "The cancer diagnosis is confirmed following a biopsy of the lump." She notes that usually, women who are newly diagnosed with breast cancer are healthy and don't feel sick at all. (credit:LarsZahnerPhotography via Getty Images)
Other Symptoms(02 of10)
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Another potential symptom/sign of breast cancer, Pruthi notes, is a new onset of persistent redness on the skin overtop the breast with an orange peel appearance. This would also need a biopsy to confirm a diagnosis of breast cancer. (credit:Image Source via Getty Images)
Metastatic Cancer Symptoms(03 of10)
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"If the cancer is very advanced (metastatic) then the symptoms may also include weight loss, bone pain, headaches, nausea and persistent cough," Pruthi says. (credit:pamela burley via Getty Images)
What Are The Risk Factors?(04 of10)
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Some commonly associated risk factors, Pruthi says, are menstruation before age 11, menstruation after age 54, a first pregnancy after age 35 and a family history of relatives diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer. (credit:AP Photo/M. Spencer Green)
Are There Any Lifestyle Risk Factors?(05 of10)
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"There is evidence in the literature that obesity after menopause, lack of regular exercise, consuming greater than more or more alcoholic beverages daily, and a high fat diet can all be associated with a higher breast cancer risk," Pruthi notes. But, she points out, "women need to know that any woman can get breast cancer even in the absence of any of these risk factors." (credit:Adrian Samson via Getty Images)
Can I Eat Anything To Prevent It?(06 of10)
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There are no specific types of diets, Pruthi says, but rather women are encouraged to eat fruits, vegetables, fibre, and minimize their alcohol and fat intake, as well as get regular exercise. (credit:lola1960 via Getty Images)
How Do Doctors Determine Treatment?(07 of10)
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"The most current treatment of breast cancer has taken on a individualized approach and is dependent on the biology or aggressive features of the breast cancer," Pruthi explains. "Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and this means that are many sub-types and different degrees of aggressiveness. So staging, which typically takes into account common prognostic features such as tumour size and if lymph nodes are involved, are no longer the only factors doctors use to determine treatment options." (credit:Christopher Futcher via Getty Images)
So What Do They Look At?(08 of10)
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"Today the biology of the tumour is also characterized by molecular markers (also known as predictive markers) such as if the estrogen or progesterone receptor is positive or negative and if the HER 2 protein is positive or negative," she says. "This helps decide who will benefit from a specific chemotherapy regimen, hormonal medications known as antiestrogens or who may need both chemotherapy and hormonal treatment." (credit:BluePlanetEarth via Getty Images)
What About Preventative Mastectomies?(09 of10)
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"Preventive mastectomy is an option for women at very high risk for developing breast cancer because they are BRCA 1 or 2 gene positive or if someone has hereditary predisposition to getting breast cancer but chooses not to have the genetic testing done," Pruthi says. "It is prudent that women who are considering this surgery know their family history in detail. Based on the moderate or strong family history, your doctor would recommend you meet with a genetic counselor to go over the family pedigree and help decide who should test for the breast cancer gene, when to test and how to interpret the genetic test results before proceeding with this preventive surgery." (credit:Jesús Jaime Mota via Getty Images)
Are Other Preventative Treatments Available?(10 of10)
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"High risk women who have had precancerous breast biopsies or strong family history may also be eligible to take preventive medications such as tamoxifen, raloxifene or exemestane to reduce breast cancer risk," Pruthi adds. (credit:art-4-art via Getty Images)

It is expected that of 100 women with cancer, roughly 23 would experience cancer recurrence. However Dr Ligibel believes this figure would drop to around 19 women in the group asked to lose weight.

Professor Melinda Irwin, associate director of cancer prevention and control for Yale Cancer Centre, who is involved in eight studies on exercise and cancer, said she has found a "strong connection between exercise after diagnosis and mortality afterwards".

She believes women with breast cancer who have never been active before can reap benefits from exercise.

"After treatment, weight loss is the most powerful thing you can do. It’s the next best pill to treatment and it’s free and has no side effects," she said.

Carolyn Rogers, clinical nurse specialist at Breast Cancer Care, added: "We know that trying to maintain a healthy weight could make a difference when facing breast cancer and reduce the risk of it returning.

"We look forward to seeing the results of further larger studies."

Dr Rachel Thompson, head of research interpretation at World Cancer Research Fund, said: "This is a very interesting study and further emphasises the importance of having a healthy diet and being physically active when tackling cancer. 

"We already have extensive research which shows that eating a healthy diet, being a healthy weight and being physically active can help prevent up to a third of the most common cancers. 

"This latest research is an indication that a healthy lifestyle could be just as important for those living with and beyond cancer."

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