Almost Half Of Testicular Cancer Risk Comes From Parents' Genes, Study Shows

Risk Of Testicular Cancer May Be Determined By Your Parents' Genes

Genetics play a huge part in determining a man's risk of testicular cancer, a study has shown.

Research suggests that almost half of the risk of developing testicular cancer is through DNA inherited from parents.

Scientists now believe that DNA testing could help determine who has an increased risk of contracting the disease, based on their parent's health history.

They say this research could help open up new ways of preventing the disease.

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Testicular cancer is more likely to be inherited than other cancer types.

Scientists at The Institute of Cancer Research in London used two independent approaches to analyse the risk of testicular germ cell tumours, which is the most common type of testicular cancer.

The study, which is published in the journal Nature, is the largest ever to look at testicular germ cell tumours in detail.

Scientists analysed data from the Swedish Population Registry cancer family database, which comprises information from 15.7 million people, including 9,324 cases of testicular cancer.

They examined history of testicular cancer in families as well as studying, in great detail, the genetic code of 6,000 men from the UK featured in two previous testicular cancer studies - 986 of these men had been diagnosed with the disease.

Their research, which was funded by the Movember Foundation, the Institute Of Cancer Research (ICR) and Cancer Research UK, found that nearly half (49%) of all the possible factors contributing to testicular cancer risk are inherited.

This, they believe, is down to a large number of minor variations in a man's DNA code, rather than one faulty gene.

"Around half of a man’s risk of developing testicular cancer comes from the genes he inherits from his parents – with environmental and behavioural factors contributing to the other half.

"Our findings have important implications in that they show that if we can discover these genetic causes, screening of men with a family history of testicular cancer could help to diagnose those at greatest risk, and help them to manage that risk."

She added that the study shows that more work needs to be done.

"There are a lot of genetic factors that cause testicular cancer which we are yet to find," she said. "So the first step must be to identify the genetic drivers of testicular cancer so we can develop new ways to prevent it."

Symptoms Of Testicular Cancer
A lump in the testicle(01 of05)
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The most common symptom of a testicular cancer is a lump or swelling in part of one testicle. It can be as small as a pea or it may be much larger.Remember that most testicular lumps are NOT cancer. At a testicular clinic at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, only 76 cancers were found out of 2,000 men seen with a testicular lump. This means that fewer than 4 in every 100 testicular lumps (4%) are cancer (figures courtesy of Mr Mike Wallace, FRCS).
Lymph glands(02 of05)
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Sometimes testicular cancer cells can spread into lymph glands at the back of the abdomen. This can cause backache, which is usually constant and you need to take painkillers. If testicular cancer has spread, there may be lumps in other parts of the body, such as around the collarbone, or in the neck. These lumps are lymph glands that contain cancer cells.
Hormones in the blood(03 of05)
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Many testicular cancers make hormones that can be detected in blood tests. Doctors call these hormones markers. There is more about this in our section about diagnosing testicular cancer. Occasionally, men with testicular cancer have tender or swollen breasts because of these hormones.
A heavy scrotum(04 of05)
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Your scrotum may feel heavy. Your GP may shine a strong light through your testicle. If you have a fluid filled cyst (called a hydrocoele) rather than a cancer, the light will show through. A cancer is a solid lump and the light can't pass through it. Your doctor may call this test transillumination.
Discomfort or pain(05 of05)
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Testicular cancer is not usually painful, but about 1 in 5 men (20%) have a sharp pain in the scrotum as a first symptom. Some men may have a dull ache in- The affected testicle- Their lower abdomen