5 Ways Working Night Shifts May Affect Your Health

A new study has linked night shifts with heart disease.
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Working night shifts not only plays havoc with your social life, it can also have an impact on your health.

A new study has shown that people who work at least three nights per month are more likely to develop heart problems over the next 24 years than co-workers who stick to daytime shifts. 

The study, conducted by Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, analysed data from 189,000 women working as nurses in the US.

It found that the risk of coronary heart disease was 12% higher in nurses who worked night shifts for less than five years, 19% higher in those who worked night shifts for five to nine years, and 27% higher in nurses who worked nights for at least 10 years.

Unfortunately, it isn't the first study to suggest working unsociable hours can have a detrimental impact on health.

Here are four other ways working night shifts may be affecting your body:

Tiredness
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Despite working the same amount of hours, working the night shift may leave you feeling extra tired.

A study of police officers by the University of Iowa found that working the night or evening shift was strongly associated with getting fewer than six hours of sleep per day.

The research also identified that police officers who got fewer than six hours of sleep each day had more than a doubled risk of bad quality sleep, compared with those who got six or more hours of sleep per day.
Depression
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Numerous studies have suggested working night shifts can have a negative impact on mental health.

Research published in the International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health explores the links between exposure to shift work during unsociable hours and experience of major depressive disorder (MDD) during and after work.

The scientists found there was an "unexpectedly high" prevalence of MDD identified, occurring during or after night shift work, with a higher rate for women than for men.

The study also provided suggestive evidence that increasing exposure to working at night (up to 20 years) was associated with an increased lifetime risk of MDD.
Breast Cancer
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A 2013 study published in the journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine found that working night shifts for more than 30 years could double women's risk of developing breast cancer.

Commenting at the time, Dr Hannah Bridges, from the charity Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said: "We need to better understand why night work might increase breast cancer risk. Shift work may lead to unhealthy lifestyle habits that could independently increase the risk of breast cancer, so we'd encourage all women to take part in regular physical activity, maintain a healthy weight and reduce their alcohol intake."
Diabetes
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Researchers from Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston found that either sleeping too little or sleeping “against” the body’s biological clock increases a person’s risk for becoming obese or developing diabetes.

"In people with a pre-diabetic condition, shift workers who stay awake at night are much more likely to progress to full-on diabetes than day workers,” study researcher Orfeu M. Buxton said at the time.

“Since night workers often have a hard time sleeping during the day, they can face both circadian disruption working at night and insufficient sleep during the day.

"The evidence is clear that getting enough sleep is important for health, and that sleep should be at night for best effect.”
Worst Foods For Sleep
Coffee(01 of08)
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We probably don't have to explain why you shouldn't reach for an espresso at 10 p.m. But, turns out, your afternoon coffee habit can affect you for longer than you'd expect. In fact, that caffeine can remain in your system for hours, making even a 4 p.m. pick-me-up a bad idea. Baron recommends steering clear by the early afternoon.And don't forget coffee-flavored treats, she warns. Your favorite cappuccino-flavored ice cream can give you a surprisingly strong jolt.Of course, you've probably heard that a little tea before bed is a good idea. The caffeine content is smaller than in coffee, and herbal "sleepy time" varieties often contain sleep-promoting herbs like valerian or chamomile that can, indeed, help you nod off. (credit:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="Flickr" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="25" data-vars-position-in-unit="36">Flickr</a>:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/63723146@N08/8461493952" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="rockindave1" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/photos/63723146@N08/8461493952" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="26" data-vars-position-in-unit="37">rockindave1</a>)
Chocolate(02 of08)
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Even if you know to avoid coffee and strong tea, you might be sabotaging your sleep with sneakier sources of caffeine, like chocolate. Dark chocolate, in particular, can pack a significant punch, says Baron, although it varies by brand. If you like to nibble on a square or two for dessert, you'll probably be fine, she says -- but an entire chocolate bar could have just as much caffeine as a soda. If you wouldn't drink one close to bed, you probably shouldn't indulge in a chocolate bar either. (credit:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="Flickr" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="22" data-vars-position-in-unit="33">Flickr</a>:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/46106852@N06/7070415249" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="Chocolate Reviews" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/photos/46106852@N06/7070415249" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="23" data-vars-position-in-unit="34">Chocolate Reviews</a>)
Alcohol(03 of08)
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Baron calls alcohol the "number one drug used for sleep," and it can, indeed, be tempting to unwind before bed with a glass of your favorite adult beverage. But you won't be doing yourself any sleep favors. While it might help you nod off initially, alcohol is disruptive to the later stages of sleep, which are important to memory and motor skills, according to recent research.And while alcohol might fuel deep sleep in the beginning of the night, the second half of your slumber will likely be more interrupted and full of strange dreams, Baron says, leaving you exhausted the next day. (credit:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="Flickr" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="20" data-vars-position-in-unit="31">Flickr</a>:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/27887762@N07/8507303518" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="Alexandra Zakharova" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/photos/27887762@N07/8507303518" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="21" data-vars-position-in-unit="32">Alexandra Zakharova</a>)
Fatty Foods(04 of08)
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You already know they're tough on your heart, but it turns out that fatty foods might also disrupt your sleep. A 2012 study found that a high-fat diet caused rats to sleep more during the day, an outcome with marked similarities to the daytime sleepiness experienced by many people who are overweight. The rats also had more fragmented, interrupted sleep, wrote Dr. Michael J. Breus in a HuffPost blog.A brain chemical called orexin might explain this relationship, since it's involved in both appetite and regulating the body's internal sleep-wake clock. Earlier research has also suggested a link between high-fat foods and disruptions to these circadian rhythms.Fatty foods can also lead to a general feeling of discomfort, Baron says, that can make falling asleep tricky. She suggests staying away from any sizable portions, as well as heavy, greasy foods too close to bed. (credit:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="Flickr" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="17" data-vars-position-in-unit="28">Flickr</a>:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/97844767@N00/367897356" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="WordRidden" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/photos/97844767@N00/367897356" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="18" data-vars-position-in-unit="29">WordRidden</a>)
Steak(05 of08)
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"Your body's not designed to be digesting food when it's sleeping," Baron says. Protein presents a particular digestion problem, since it's harder to break down than other nutrients, according to WebMD. That makes a meat-heavy meal a bad idea if it's too late in the evening. Of course, famed sleep-inducer turkey is also a protein. And while the bird does indeed contain tryptophan, the amino acid itself doesn't actually bring on sleepiness. (credit:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="Flickr" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="12" data-vars-position-in-unit="23">Flickr</a>:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/77102986@N07/7656923254" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="Massachusetts Office of Travel &#x26; Tourism" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/photos/77102986@N07/7656923254" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="13" data-vars-position-in-unit="24">Massachusetts Office of Travel & Tourism</a>)
Spicy Food(06 of08)
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Turning up the heat is a well-known trigger for heartburn, especially if you lie down shortly after ingesting that fiery dish.But a small study suggests there may be something else at work. Researchersexamined the effects of tabasco sauce and mustard on healthy men and their sleep. On the nights they ate spicy meals, they had more trouble falling asleep and got less sleep overall. The researchers noted a change in body temperature brought on by the spicy meal, the New York Times reported, which can confuse the brain, as core temperature naturally dips as bedtime approaches. (credit:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="Flickr" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="8" data-vars-position-in-unit="19">Flickr</a>:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/79092707@N02/8288950656" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="pickled plum" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/photos/79092707@N02/8288950656" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="9" data-vars-position-in-unit="20">pickled plum</a>)
Grapefruit(07 of08)
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However, that doesn't mean acid reflux isn't a problem. Even if you already know to steer clear of spicy foods, fatty foods and heavy meals before bed, there are some more surprising causes of heartburn, like citrus, that also increase the stomach's acidity, and can keep you up at night, Baron explains. (credit:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="Flickr" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="3" data-vars-position-in-unit="14">Flickr</a>:<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/69302634@N02/7710623614" role="link" class=" js-entry-link cet-external-link" data-vars-item-name="Helena Jacoba" data-vars-item-type="text" data-vars-unit-name="57207e60e4b0a1e971caab31" data-vars-unit-type="buzz_body" data-vars-target-content-id="http://www.flickr.com/photos/69302634@N02/7710623614" data-vars-target-content-type="url" data-vars-type="web_external_link" data-vars-subunit-name="before_you_go_slideshow" data-vars-subunit-type="component" data-vars-position-in-subunit="4" data-vars-position-in-unit="15">Helena Jacoba</a>)
Water(08 of08)
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We generally have nothing but praise for good old H2O, but there's no denying that too much liquid right before bed is likely to lead to, uh, interruptions, in your sleep. It's a delicate balance between staying hydrated and cutting off your fluid intake, but Baron says limiting fluid intake in the two hours leading up to bed is a good place to start.Foods with a high water content -- like a slice of watermelon for dessert -- can have you running to the loo, too. And so can that afore-mentioned cup of SleepyTime tea. "How big is that cup?" Baron says she asks patients. "Tea can be part of a nice, relaxing ritual, but if you have it an hour before bed it can have you up and using the bathroom," she says.And if you find yourself waking up in the middle of the night with a dry mouth, consider investing in a humidifier, she says, rather than keeping a glass on your bedside table. (credit:Shutterstock)

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