We Need To Eat Less Meat To Reduce Global Warming And World Hunger, Say Experts

Eat Less Meat To Reduce Global Warming And World Hunger, Say Experts
|
Open Image Modal
Frances Andrijich via Getty Images

Burgers, smoke houses and steak joints may be very en trend in foodie circles at the moment, but meat has long been seen as an essential part of our daily food consumption. Unless you're vegetarian or vegan, of course.

But experts have warned that our current levels of meat consumption are not only unnecessary from a nutritional standpoint - you can still have a 'balanced diet' if you cut down - but they are linked to climate change and world hunger.

In fact, eating less meat is "essential" to ensure future demand for food can be met and "dangerous" climate change avoided.

A study by leading university researchers in Cambridge and Aberdeen found food production alone could exceed targets for greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 if current trends continue.

Population growth and the global shift towards "meat-heavy Western diets" has meant increasing agricultural yields will not meet projected food demands for the expected 9.6 billion world population, it said.

Increased deforestation, fertiliser use and livestock methane emissions are likely to cause greenhouse gas emissions from food production to rise by almost 80%, experts from the University of Cambridge and University of Aberdeen found.

Lead researcher Bojana Bajzelj, from the University of Cambridge's department of engineering, said: "Agricultural practices are not necessarily at fault here - but our choice of food is.

"It is imperative to find ways to achieve global food security without expanding crop or pastureland.

"Food production is a main driver of biodiversity loss and a large contributor to climate change and pollution, so our food choices matter."

He added: "Cutting food waste and moderating meat consumption in more balanced diets, are the essential 'no-regrets' options."

Story continues below...

Meat-Free Protein
Lentils(01 of08)
Open Image Modal
A cup of iron-rich lentils packs 18 grams of protein -- almost as much as three ounces of steak. (credit:Flickr: little blue hen)
Greek Yogurt(02 of08)
Open Image Modal
Regular yogurt's thickier, tangier cousin can contain up to twice the amount of protein, all for about the same number of calories and a lot less sugar, according to U.S. News Health.

Depending on the brand, flavor and container serving size, Greek yogurt can pack anywhere from about 11 to 17 grams of protein.
(credit:Flickr: bpende)
Beans(03 of08)
Open Image Modal
One cup of garbanzo beans, or chickpeas, contains 15 grams of protein, as does a cup of black or kidney beans. (credit:Flickr: Jude Doyland)
Tofu(04 of08)
Open Image Modal
A half-cup serving of tofu contains more than 10 grams of protein, according to the USDA. (credit:Flickr: katiecarman)
Tempeh(05 of08)
Open Image Modal
A firmer, chewier cousin of tofu, a half-cup serving of this soybean-based bite has 15 grams of protein. (credit:Flickr: little blue hen)
Spinach(06 of08)
Open Image Modal
Cook a cup of the leafy green for more than 5 grams of protein. Spinach is also a good source of calcium and iron. (credit:Flickr: ToastyKen)
Quinoa(07 of08)
Open Image Modal
A cooked cup of this whole grain contains more than 8 grams of protein, and a hearty dose of filling fiber. Other grains, like brown rice and bulgur, are good meat-free protein options too. (credit:Flickr: Lucy Crabapple)
Peanuts(08 of08)
Open Image Modal
Almonds, walnuts, pecans, pistachios and other nuts are all good meat-free protein sources, according to Rodale, but peanuts top the list. One ounce of dry-roasted peanuts contains nearly 7 grams of protein. Plus, nuts are loaded with healthy fats -- just don't eat too many! (credit:Flickr: Vinni123)

According to the study in Nature Climate Change, current trends in food production will mean that by 2050 cropland will have expanded by 42% and fertiliser use increased by 45% over 2009 levels.

A further tenth of the world's pristine tropical forests would disappear over the next 35 years, it said.

The study's authors tested a scenario where all countries were assumed to have an "average" balanced diet - without excessive consumption of sugars, fats, and meat products.

The average balanced diet used in the study was a "relatively achievable goal", the researchers said, which included two 85g portions of red meat and five eggs per week, as well as a portion of poultry a day.

"This significantly reduced the pressures on the environment even further," they said.

Co-author Professor Pete Smith, from the University of Aberdeen, said: "Unless we make some serious changes in food consumption trends, we would have to completely de-carbonise the energy and industry sectors to stay within emissions budgets that avoid dangerous climate change.

"That is practically impossible - so, as well as encouraging sustainable agriculture, we need to re-think what we eat."

Cambridge co-author Prof Keith Richards said: "This is not a radical vegetarian argument; it is an argument about eating meat in sensible amounts as part of healthy, balanced diets.

"Managing the demand better, for example by focusing on health education, would bring double benefits - maintaining healthy populations, and greatly reducing critical pressures on the environment."