Costa, who missed last week's Champions League semi-final win over Barcelona, made a goalscoring return to the Atléti team as they sustained their three-point advantage at the Primera Liga summit.
The Brazilian striker also missed a penalty before making amends with an 84th-minute strike prior to suffering a worrying-looking injury for his efforts.
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Costa sat out Atlético's win at Barcelona last week
Costa left the pitch on a stretcher, which will cause concern for a team that entertain Chelsea on Tuesday week in the Champions League semi-finals.
The 25-year-old has been heavily linked with a transfer to the Blues.
Diego Godín gave Atlético the lead at Getafe, who had Angel Lafita sent off.
Diego Costa injury
FBL-ESP-LIGA-GETAFE-ATLETICO(01 of08)
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Atletico Madrid's Brazilian-born forward Diego da Silva Costa is stretchered off after injury during the Spanish league football match Getafe vs Atletico de Madrid at the Coliseum Alfonso Perez in Getafe on April 13, 2014. AFP PHOTO / PIERRE-PHILIPPE MARCOU (Photo credit should read PIERRE-PHILIPPE MARCOU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
FBL-ESP-LIGA-GETAFE-ATLETICO(02 of08)
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People stretcher off Atletico Madrid's Brazilian-born forward Diego da Silva Costa after injury during the Spanish league football match Getafe vs Atletico de Madrid at the Coliseum Alfonso Perez in Getafe on April 13, 2014. AFP PHOTO / PIERRE-PHILIPPE MARCOU (Photo credit should read PIERRE-PHILIPPE MARCOU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
FBL-ESP-LIGA-GETAFE-ATLETICO(03 of08)
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Atletico Madrid's Brazilian-born forward Diego da Silva Costa grabs his left leg after scoring during the Spanish league football match Getafe CF vs Club Atletico de Madrid at the Coliseum Alfonso Perez stadium in Getafe on April 13, 2014. AFP PHOTO / PIERRE-PHILIPPE MARCOU (Photo credit should read PIERRE-PHILIPPE MARCOU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
FBL-ESP-LIGA-GETAFE-ATLETICO(04 of08)
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People assist Atletico Madrid's Brazilian-born forward Diego da Silva Costa after injury during the Spanish league football match Getafe vs Atletico de Madrid at the Coliseum Alfonso Perez in Getafe on April 13, 2014. AFP PHOTO / PIERRE-PHILIPPE MARCOU (Photo credit should read PIERRE-PHILIPPE MARCOU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
FBL-ESP-LIGA-GETAFE-ATLETICO(05 of08)
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Atletico Madrid's Brazilian-born forward Diego da Silva Costa is stretchered off after injuring his left leg during the Spanish league football match Getafe CF vs Club Atletico de Madrid at the Coliseum Alfonso Perez stadium in Getafe on April 13, 2014. AFP PHOTO / PIERRE-PHILIPPE MARCOU (Photo credit should read PIERRE-PHILIPPE MARCOU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
FBL-ESP-LIGA-GETAFE-ATLETICO(06 of08)
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Atletico Madrid's Brazilian-born forward Diego da Silva Costa grabs his left leg after scoring during the Spanish league football match Getafe CF vs Club Atletico de Madrid at the Coliseum Alfonso Perez stadium in Getafe on April 13, 2014. AFP PHOTO / PIERRE-PHILIPPE MARCOU (Photo credit should read PIERRE-PHILIPPE MARCOU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Getafe CF v Club Atletico de Madrid - La Liga(07 of08)
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GETAFE, SPAIN - APRIL 13: Club Atletico de Madrid players confort Diego Costa (C) after Costa knocked his knee off the goalposts while scoring Atletico's 2nd goal during the La Liga match between Getafe CF and Club Atletico de Madrid at Coliseum Alfonso Perez stadium on April 13, 2014 in Getafe, Spain. (Photo by Denis Doyle/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Getafe CF v Club Atletico de Madrid - La Liga(08 of08)
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GETAFE, SPAIN - APRIL 13: Diego Costa of Club Atletico de Madrid reacts after knocking his knee off the goalposts while scoring Atletico's 2nd goal during the La Liga match between Getafe CF and Club Atletico de Madrid at Coliseum Alfonso Perez stadium on April 13, 2014 in Getafe, Spain. (Photo by Denis Doyle/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)