'Sarin Ingredient' Sold To Syria By UK Firms Should Be Investigated Says Richard Ottaway

'Sarin Chemical' Sale Needs Investigated Says Senior MP
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The decision to allow UK firms to sell a chemical that can be used to make the deadly sarin nerve agent to Syria with Government permission needs to be investigated, a senior MP has said.

Supplies of sodium fluoride were exported between 2004 and 2010, during the build-up to the brutal civil war when Bashar Assad was believed to be stockpiling chemical weapons.

The substance is an ingredient of sarin, which UK experts have established was used in the attack on the outskirts of Damascus on August 21, in which the US says 1,429 people died, the Mail on Sunday reported.

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A victim of the alleged chemical attack

The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills said there was "no evidence" the chemicals - which it licensed for export for use in cosmetics and healthcare - were diverted to weapons programmes.

"These licence applications, which predate the current conflict and EU sanctions, were rigorously assessed and determined to be for legitimate commercial use," a spokesman said.

The quantities involved were "commensurate with the stated end use", it said.

But the fact that such products were allowed to be exported at all has raised concerns and led to a call for an investigation by the House of Commons Committee on Arms Export Controls (CAEC).

Tory Richard Ottaway, who chairs the Foreign Affairs Select Committee, said: "Any sensible person would be concerned if an ingredient of sarin gas was exported from the UK to Syria.

"I think this is something for the committee."

The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (Bis) granted a number of licences to specialist firms allowing them to deliver sodium fluoride to Syria before the current conflict and European Union (EU) sanctions.

Five were issued in July 2004, September 2005, March 2007, February 2009 and May 2010, the year before the civil conflict erupted.

Last week, UK scientists at Porton Down said they found positive evidence of sarin on samples of soil and clothing reportedly retrieved from the site of the attack.

Story continues after slideshow...

Syria War In July (WARNING: GRAPHIC IMAGES)
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A Syrian rebel tries on a gas mask seized from a Syrian army factory in the northwestern province of Idlib on July 18, 2013. (DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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Syrian volunteers try to evacuate 8-year-old Mahmud Fayad still trapped under the rubble of a destroyed house after a barrel bomb was dropped from an air force helicopter in Saraqeb in northwestern Syria on July 20, 2013. (DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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In this photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, Syrian citizens gather near damaged cars that were burned after a car bomb exploded in the suburb of Jaramana, Damascus, Syria, Thursday, July 25, 2013. (AP Photo/SANA) (credit:AP)
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An Indian Shiite Muslim woman breaks down as she holds a placard during a protest rally organized to condemn an attack on a Shiite shrine in Syria, in Bangalore, India, Friday, July 26, 2013. (AP Photo/Aijaz Rahi) (credit:AP)
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A Syrian man stands amidst the rubble of the Othman mosque, in Syria's eastern town of Deir Ezzor, on July 24, 2013. (KARAM JAMAL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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An injured Syrian man receives medical treatment at a hospital in the town of Ariha, in the northwestern province of Idlib, on July 21, 2013. (DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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This Tuesday, July 9, 2013 citizen journalism image provided by Aleppo Media Center AMC, which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, shows buildings are seen damaged by Syrian government airstrikes and shelling, in the Salah al-Din neighborhood of Aleppo, Syria. (AP Photo/Aleppo Media Center AMC) (credit:AP)
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Syrian volunteers cry of joy after rescuing 8-year-old Mahmud Fayad who was trapped under the rubble of a destroyed house after a barrel bomb was dropped from an air force helicopter in Saraqeb in northwestern Syria on July 20, 2013. (DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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In this photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, Syrian citizens gather near damaged cars that were burned after a car bomb exploded in the suburb of Jaramana, Damascus, Syria, Thursday, July 25, 2013. (AP Photo/SANA) (credit:AP)
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Syrians inspect the site where a barrel bomb dropped by an air force helicopter exploded in Saraqeb in northwestern Syria on July 20, 2013. (DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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Syrian men rush a heavily wounded man to hospital in Saraqeb in northwestern Syria after a barrel bomb dropped by an air force helicopter exploded less than 10 metres away from his car on July 20, 2013. (DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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Indian Shiite Muslim women raise slogans as they participate in a rally organized to condemn an attack on a Shiite shrine in Syria, in Bangalore, India, Friday, July 26, 2013. (AP Photo/Aijaz Rahi) (credit:AP)
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In this photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA, Syrian citizens look at a damaged building after a car bomb exploded in the suburb of Jaramana, Damascus, Syria, Thursday, July 25, 2013. (AP Photo/SANA) (credit:AP)
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Syrians search for survivors under the rubble of a destroyed house after a barrel bomb was dropped from an air force helicopter in Saraqeb in northwestern Syria on July 20, 2013. (DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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Doctors treat a young Syrian girl hit by shrapnel following an air raid in the northern Syrian town of Saraqeb, in the Idlib province, on July 19, 2013. (DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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A Syrian girl walks next to the debris of her house, after it was targeted by a missile, in the northwestern Syrian province of Idlib on July 18, 2013. (DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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In this Wednesday, July 3, 2013 citizen journalism image provided by Lens Young Homsi, which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, shows Syrians inspecting the rubble of damaged buildings due to government airstrike and shelling, in the al-Hamidiyyeh neighborhood of Homs province, Syria. (AP Photo/Lens Young Homsi) (credit:AP)
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A picture taken on July 18, 2013 shows smoke rising from a building after opposition forces attacked a government forces held checkpoint in Syria's northeastern city of Deir Ezzor on July 18, 2013. (ABO SHUJA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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This aerial view shows the Zaatari refugee camp on Thursday, July 18, 2013 near the Jordanian city of Mafraq, some 8 kilometers (5 miles) from the Jordan-Syria border. (AP Photo/Mandel Ngan, Pool) AP10ThingsToSee (credit:AP)
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A rebel fighter points his gun towards pro-government forces' positions during clashes in the Salaheddine district of the northern Syrian city of Aleppo, on July 9, 2013. (JM LOPEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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Syrian children wait in line to collect a free Iftar meal in the northern city of Raqqa during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan on July 14, 2013. (MEZAR MATAR/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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A rebel fighter aims his weapon to Syrian government forces' positions inside a destroyed school in the Izaa district of Aleppo, on July 14, 2013. (JM LOPEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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A rebel fighter from the Suqur Al-Sham brigades, takes a nap after his night shift in a trench along the highway that connects Idlib city with Latakia, 100m far from the Syrian regime's forces's positions, on July 14, 2013. (DANIEL LEAL OLIVAS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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In this citizen journalism image provided by Aleppo Media Center AMC, which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, buildings are seen damaged by Syrian government airstrikes and shelling in Aleppo, Syria, Monday, July 8, 2013. (AP Photo/Aleppo Media Center AMC) (credit:AP)
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Family members pray over the bodies of two Syrian children, Safia Baour, 14, and her three-year-old brother Khaled, who were killed after a shell landed on their family home as they gathered to break their fast with the iftar meal on July 13, 2013 in Maaret Al-Numan in southern Idlib province. (DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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Syrian rebels head to the town of Bsankol in the northwestern province of Idlib to join comrades fighting regime forces for the control of the highway that connects Idlib with Latakia on July 11, 2013. (DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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An opposition fighter stands over seven year old Ahmad Jabir, who was injured alongside some his family members by a shell, as he lies on a X-Ray machine after he brought the boy to a hospital in the town of Al-Bara, in Syria's northwestern province Idlib on July 10, 2013. (DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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Syrian rebels gather outside a building which they blew up to target a regime sniper taking shelter inside but who managed to escape in the Salaheddine district of the northern city of Aleppo on July 10, 2013. (SALAH AL-ASHKAR/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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Rebel fighters look up listening as they take positions during clashes with pro-government forces in the Salaheddine district of the northern Syrian city of Aleppo, on July 9, 2013. (JM LOPEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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This Tuesday, July 9, 2013 citizen journalism image provided by Aleppo Media Center AMC, which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, shows Syrian rebels running during heavy clashes with Syrian soldiers loyal to Syrian President Bashar Assad, in the Salah al-Din neighborhood of Aleppo, Syria. (AP Photo/Aleppo Media Center AMC) (credit:AP)
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Rebel fighters break a wall before holding a position during clashes with pro-government forces in the Salaheddine district of the northern Syrian city of Aleppo, on July 9, 2013. (JM LOPEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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A rebel fighter speaks on a walkie-talkie as he holds a position in a flat during clashes with pro-government forces in the Salaheddine district of the northern Syrian city of Aleppo, on July 9, 2013. (JM LOPEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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Syrian rebel fighters gather around a former Syrian army tank as rebels prepare to attack positions held by the Syrian army areas in the Salaheddine neighborhood of Aleppo, on July 8, 2013. (ABO MHIO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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Opposition fighters carry one of their comrades, who died on the front-line, as they were leading an attack on positions held by the government forces in the Salaheddine neighbourhood of Aleppo on July 8, 2013. (ABO AL-NUR SADK/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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An opposition fighter throws a Molotov cocktail during clashes with Syrian government forces in the Salah al-Din area of the northern city of Aleppo on July 8, 2013. (ZAID REV/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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In this Tuesday, July 2, 2013 citizen journalism image provided by Aleppo Media Center AMC, which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, homes are seen destroyed by Syrian government airstrikes and shelling in the neighborhood of Karam Tarab near Aleppo International Airport in Aleppo, Syria. (AP Photo/Aleppo Media Center AMC) (credit:AP)

Professor Alastair Hay, a toxicology expert at Leeds University, told the Mail on Sunday: "The Government's approval of sodium fluoride sales to Syria during a period when it was widely suspected the regime was stockpiling dangerous substances is deeply disturbing.

"This was a serious mistake on Bis's part, as while sodium fluoride has a multitude of benign uses, such as toothpaste, it remains a key ingredient in the manufacture of sarin.

"Quite simply, you need fluoride to make sarin."

It comes after Bis admitted issuing licences for the export of sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride to the war-torn country in January last year before revoking them several months later.

The Government said no chemicals were exported before the licence - in that case for use in metal finishing - was revoked in June 2012 following EU sanctions.

Downing Street said that showed the system - which the Government claims to be "among the most stringent in the world" - was working.

Labour's Thomas Docherty, a member of the CAEC, said the "disturbing" revelations raised very serious questions for the committee.

"At no time should we have allowed president Assad's regime to get its hands on this substance," he told the newspaper.

"While the last export licence was issued in May 2010, these licences are obtained prior to manufacture and the industry standard is for four to five months to pass before the chemicals are delivered.

"So, we are looking at late 2010 for the British supplies of sodium fluoride reaching Syria. The Government has some very serious questions to answer," the MP said.

The revelations came as US secretary of state John Kerry was expected in the UK as part of a mission to drum up support for military action against the Assad regime in response to the deadly gas attack.

Videos of the aftermath of the episode - including images of children suffering the effects of nerve agent - are being distributed by the American administration in a bid to win backing in the US.

President Barack Obama is to address his nation on Tuesday as he seeks to win over a highly-sceptical public and political class ahead of votes in Congress to approve military action.

Kerry claims the number of countries willing to take part is now in double figures.

Foreign Secretary William Hague, who will hold talks with Kerry in the morning, denied the UK was "gung ho" for military action and recognised there was "a lot of public unease".

But he insisted the use of chemical weapons is "an evil we must stand up to one way or another".

Reacting to polls showing voters were widely opposed to military intervention in the wake of the 2003 Iraq war, he said: "Be reassured that we have learned lessons of Iraq.

"We are not seeking to be drawn into wars in the Middle East. We now make decisions in a completely different way," he said.

Ahead of his meeting with Kerry, he said: "They were disappointed with our vote, but we are a democracy, and therefore we respect the outcome.

"They are very understanding about that. They are very committed to what we call the special relationship.

"Britain has great and positive influence in the world, and we must make sure that we retain that. I am very determined, as the Prime Minister is, that we will not matter less," he told BBC1's Andrew Marr Show.

Speaking in Paris after meeting with Arab League nations, Kerry said "a number" of them had backed the call by a number of G20 countries for a "strong international response".

The UK was one of 11 of the world's biggest economies which released a joint statement blaming the Assad regime for the chemical attack after last week's summit in St Petersburg.

It has subsequently been endorsed by Germany.

But host Russia - one of Assad's staunchest allies - insists the attack was carried out by opposition forces and was among countries that did not sign up as the gathering highlighted stark divisions.

Kerry said: "We discussed the possible and necessary measures that the international community can take to deter Assad from ever crossing that line again.

"A number of countries immediately signed on to the G20 agreement that was reached by now 12 countries and they will make their own announcements in the next 24 hours about that."

He said: "What the United States is seeking - not alone but with others, an increasing number - is to enforce the standard with respect to the use of chemical weapons.

"We are not seeking to become engaged in or party to or take over Syria's civil war.

"All of us agreed, with not one dissenter, that Assad's deplorable use of chemical weapons, which we know killed hundreds of innocent people, including at least 426 children, on this occasion, this one occasion, crosses an international, a global red line."

As President Assad issued fresh denials of responsibility and warned of retaliation for any US-led strike, close regional ally Iran's new foreign minister declared that any use of force without UN authorisation would be illegal.

During a visit to Iraq, Mohammad Javad Zarif said: "I do not know why those who say all options are on the table do not understand the fact that civilised countries 65 years ago...rejected in the charter of the United Nations (the) resort to force as an illegal practice."