Conspiracy Theories, Such As Faked Moon Landings, Would Have Been Quickly Exposed, Research Finds

Oxford Physicist Shows Why Vast Conspiracy Theories Don't Add Up
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Popular conspiracy theories such as 9/11 was an inside job, climate change is a hoax or the moon landings were faked, would have quickly been exposed, according to fresh research from a physicist at Oxford University.

Dr David Grimes created a model for calculating whether a vast subterfuge could be concealed from the public, concluding that the more people that know about a hoax, the quicker the truth would come out.

According to Grimes’ research, for a deception to last five year, less than 2521 people would have to know about the conspiracy. For the deception to last a century, there could be no more than 125 plotters.

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Astronaut Buzz Aldrin, lunar module pilot, is photographed walking near the lunar module during the Apollo 11 extravehicular activity

The researcher concluded that had the moon landings been faked, the 400,000 people working for NASA at the time would have leaked the secret within four years.

"A number of conspiracy theories revolve around science,” said Grimes in an article published in the journal 'Public Library of Science ONE.' “While believing the Moon landings were faked may not be harmful, believing misinformation about vaccines can be fatal.”

“However, not every belief in a conspiracy is necessarily wrong - for example, the Snowden revelations confirmed some theories about the activities of the US National Security Agency,” he added.

"It is common to dismiss conspiracy theories and their proponents out of hand but I wanted to take the opposite approach, to see how these conspiracies might be possible. To do that, I looked at the vital requirement for a viable conspiracy - secrecy."

Commenting on his work, Grimes noted that not everyone who believes in conspiracy theories are “unthinking” but said he hoped that by showing how unlikely “some alleged conspiracies are, some people will reconsider their anti-science beliefs.”

"This will of course not convince everyone; there's ample evidence that belief in conspiracy is often ideological rather than rational, and that conspiracy theories thrive in an echo chamber,” he said. “This makes challenging the more odious narratives much more difficult.

Grimes concluded that for the world to “address the multitudinous difficulties facing us as a species, from climate change to geopolitics, then we need to embrace reality over ideologically motivated fictions.”

In readiness for the conspiracy theorists soon to be sitting in their underpants typing out angry responses, here are 11 proofs that the moon landings were NOT faked:

11 Proofs That The Apollo Moon Landings Were NOT Fake
These Two Pictures Match(01 of10)
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In 2008 the Japanese Selene probe obtained photographic evidence of the Moon landings, by comparing the image on the left (from the Apollo 15 landing) taken in July 1971 to its own 3D terrain camera images. They were exactly the same.
'The Foil Shot'(02 of10)
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This picture is often used to claim that there were 'studio lights' visible in the upper left corner. They were not studio lights, as explained by Roger Launius, of the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum. "Okay, let's take a step back. NASA's going to release a picture showing studio lights? Hello! The odd lights in the picture are simply lens flares," he told National Geographic, sensibly. (credit:NASA Goddard Photo and Video/Flickr)
We Can See It(03 of10)
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It is often claimed that if the Lunar landings were real, we could see them from the Earth, or the Hubble Telescope. Nope. Fact is they're just too far away. On the other hand, we can see the Lunar landing sites thanks to the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Here is the picture. You're welcome. (credit:NASA Goddard Photo and Video/Flickr)
Other Space Craft Have Seen It(04 of10)
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The Lunar landings have been spotted by China's Chang'e 2 lunar probe, the Indian Chandrayaan-1 probe, and various other independent (non NASA-funded) space agencies. (credit:Euclid vanderKroew/Flickr)
This Thing.(05 of10)
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... is a glass spherule (about 0.6 mm in diameter) produced by a meteorite impact into lunar soil. "We've found particles of fresh glass in Moon rocks that were produced by explosive volcanic activity and by meteorite impacts over 3 billion years ago," explains Dr. Marc Norman, a lunar geologist at the University of Tasmania. "The presence of water on Earth rapidly breaks down such volcanic glass in only a few million years. These rocks must have come from the Moon!"
This.(06 of10)
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The Lunar rocks brought back by Nasa from the Moon are identical in all vital and important ways to those found elsewhere on Earth. (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
The Flag Was Flapping, And That Makes Sense(07 of10)
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One claim made by Apollo 11 conspiracy theorists is that the American flag was seen 'flapping' on the surface of the Moon. Fact is, that's totally expected. No, there isn't any wind on the Moon - but there is momentum and intertia. The fabric of the flag was moved around while being set in position, and naturally waved as it was being set up. It also has a pole along the top to keep it in position - otherwise it would hang straight down. (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Who Took The Pictures?(08 of10)
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One of the frequent claims is that the Apollo 11 mission included images of the two astronauts with no obvious cameraman. As National Geographic explains here, that was because there were cameras in the chests of both astronauts' suits, and on the Lander. (credit:NASA Goddard Photo and Video/Flickr)
'Where Are The Stars?'(09 of10)
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One of the claims made to support the hoax theory is that there were no stars pictured from the surface of the Moon. But this is because the Moon is very bright, reflecting a lot of the Sun's light. There are no stars because the cameras couldn't pick them up. (credit:sjrankin/Flickr)
This Expression(10 of10)
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This is the face of a man who has just walked on the Moon (Neil Armstrong), not the face of a man who has just faked it. (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)