The small headland of Gallipoli, which juts out from Turkey’s western coast, witnessed some of the most extraordinary combat of the First World War. Between April 2015 and January 1916, troops from Britain and France battled Ottoman soldiers on their home soil, resulting in nine months of savage fighting turning the slender stretch of turf by the Aegean into a graveyard for many thousands of young men.
The plan, hatched by the British First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill, was to end the war by attacking the capital of the Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul). To do so, British warships required access to the Dardanelles, a small channel through which the Royal Navy could gain passage to the historic city. Gallipoli was the half-a-mile wide piece of land separating the Aegean and the Marmara Sea over which Churchill demanded the British flag.
After an Allied naval attack failed, British and French troops were dispatched to occupy the head of the peninsula, while the middle was tasked to the Australians and New Zealanders. More than 100,000 are thought to have died in the battle, including an estimated 10,000 Anzacs. Ultimately the Allies lost, with Gallipoli heralded as the greatest Ottoman victory of the First World War.
Such was the impact of Gallipoli in the Seventies the government in Ankara turned the battleground into a national park, with archeologists currently excavating the site to commemorate the centenary of the conflict.
Gallipoli Campaign: Now and Then
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Thick shrubs cover a hillside at Suvla Bay where British troops landed in August, 1915, in an effort to break the stalemate of trench warfare between Allied and Turkish troops during the Gallipoli Campaign on April 7, 2015 at Suvla Bay, Turkey.
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Waves from the Aegean Sea lap onto shore at Anzac Cove on the Gallipoli Peninsula on April 7, 2015 near Eceabat, Turkey and in 1915 as troops land at Anzac Cove in the Dardanelles during the Gallipoli campaign of the First World War.
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Australian infantrymen sitting on a transport boat as they head towards the beach at the Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey, in 1915 (Photo by Mansell/The LIFE Picture Collection) and the Aegean Sea as seen from Anzac cove on April 7,2015 near Eceabat, Turkey.
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This digital composite image shows Australian soldiers, including many wounded, at Anzac cove on the first day of the Gallipoli Campaign (Photo by Fairfax Media via Getty Images) and Anzac cove on April 9, 2015.
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This digital composite image shows a British 60-pounder heavy field gun in action on a cliff top at Helles Bay, Gallipoli, Turkey, during the Gallipoli Campaign in 1915 (Photo by Ernest Brooks/Getty Images) and a meadow at Helles Bay on April 7, 2015.
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This digital composite image shows British troops of the IX Corps on the beach after landing at Suvla Bay on the Aegean coast of the Gallipoli peninsula, August 1915. (Photo by Central Press/Hulton Archive/Getty Images) and the beach at Suvla Bay on April 8, 2015.
Gallipoli Centenary Commemorations
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SEDDULBAHIR, TURKEY - APRIL 24: Prince Charles, Prince of Wales and Prince Harry attend a reception on HMS Bulwark where they met Commanding Officer Captain Nick Cooke-Priest and decendants of the Gallipoli campaign on April 24, 2015 in Seddulbahir, Turkey. Turkish and Allied powers representatives, as well as family members of those who served, are commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Gallipoli campaign with ceremonies at memorials across the Gallipoli Peninsula. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli Peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles Strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign saw approximately 50,000 Allied forces killed and another 200,000 wounded. The Ottomans lost 85,000 with a further 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Tristan Fewings/Getty Images) (credit:Tristan Fewings via Getty Images)
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SEDDULBAHIR, TURKEY - APRIL 24: Prince Harry is met by Comander Charles Maynard at a reception on HMS Bulwark where he met decendants of the Gallipoli campaign on April 24, 2015 in Seddulbahir, Turkey. Turkish and Allied powers representatives, as well as family members of those who served, are commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Gallipoli campaign with ceremonies at memorials across the Gallipoli Peninsula. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli Peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles Strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign saw approximately 50,000 Allied forces killed and another 200,000 wounded. The Ottomans lost 85,000 with a further 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Tristan Fewings/Getty Images) (credit:Tristan Fewings via Getty Images)
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SEDDULBAHIR, TURKEY - APRIL 24: Prince Harry meets crew members on HMS Bulwark at a reception for decendants of the Gallipoli campaign on April 24, 2015 in Seddulbahir, Turkey. Turkish and Allied powers representatives, as well as family members of those who served, are commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Gallipoli campaign with ceremonies at memorials across the Gallipoli Peninsula. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli Peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles Strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign saw approximately 50,000 Allied forces killed and another 200,000 wounded. The Ottomans lost 85,000 with a further 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Tristan Fewings/Getty Images) (credit:Tristan Fewings via Getty Images)
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SEDDULBAHIR, TURKEY - APRIL 24: Prince Harry meets crew members on HMS Bulwark at a reception for decendants of the Gallipoli campaign on April 24, 2015 in Seddulbahir, Turkey. Turkish and Allied powers representatives, as well as family members of those who served, are commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Gallipoli campaign with ceremonies at memorials across the Gallipoli Peninsula. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli Peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles Strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign saw approximately 50,000 Allied forces killed and another 200,000 wounded. The Ottomans lost 85,000 with a further 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Tristan Fewings/Getty Images) (credit:Tristan Fewings via Getty Images)
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CANAKKALE, TURKEY - APRIL 24: Poppies rest next to the names of the deceased soldiers, at the Helles Memorial in Gallipoli, Canakkale on April 24, 2015 prior to a commemoration ceremony marking 100th Anniversary of the Canakkale Land Battles. (Photo by Okan Ozer/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Poppies decorate a commemorating wall with the names of fallen servicemen at the Lone Pine cemetery and memorial site in Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey, Thursday, April 23, 2015. As world leaders gather with the descendants of the fighters in Gallipoli, the memories of one of the most harrowing campaigns of the 20th century have come surging back to life. The doomed Allied offensive to secure a naval route from the Mediterranean to Istanbul through the Dardanelles, and take the Ottomans out of the war, resulted in over 130,000 deaths on both sides. (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Soldiers from the Wellington Company 5/7 Battalion march through a sea of poppies during a street parade to commemorate ANZAC Day in Wellington, New Zealand Friday, April 24, 2015. ANZAC Day is the annual April 25 commemoration of the 1915 Gallipoli landings - the first major military action fought by the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I. (Mark Mitchell/New Zealand Herald via AP) AUSTRALIA OUT, NEW ZEALAND OUT (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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ECEABAT, TURKEY - APRIL 23: Red flowers and stones lay on the beach before the upcoming Dawn Service commemoration ceremony to honour Australian and New Zealand soldiers killed in the Gallipoli Campaign at Anzac Cove on April 23, 2015 near Eceabat, Turkey. Allied and Turkish representatives, as well as family members of those who served, will commemorate the 100th anniversary of the campaign with ceremonies scheduled for April 24-25. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign cost the Allies approximately 45,000 killed and up to 200,000 wounded, the Ottomans approximately 85,000 killed and 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Carsten Koall/Getty Images) (credit:Carsten Koall via Getty Images)
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SEDD EL BAHR, TURKEY - APRIL 23: HMAS Anzac of the Australian Navy passes by Australian visitors at Helles Point, where Allied soldiers fought during the Gallipoli Campaign, ahead of commemorative ceremonies on April 23, 2015 near Sedd el Bahr, Turkey. Allied and Turkish representatives, as well as family members of those who served, will commemorate the 100th anniversary of the campaign with ceremonies scheduled for April 24-25. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign cost the Allies approximately 45,000 killed and up to 200,000 wounded, the Ottomans approximately 85,000 killed and 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Sean Gallup/Getty Images) (credit:Sean Gallup via Getty Images)
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ECEABAT, TURKEY - APRIL 23: Members of a, Australian rugby team hold a moment of slience while standing at graves of mostly Australian soldiers who died during the Gallipoli Campaign at Shrapnel Valley Cemetery near Anzac Cove on April 23, 2015 in Eceabat, Turkey. Allied and Turkish representatives, as well as family members of those who served, will commemorate the 100th anniversary of the campaign with ceremonies scheduled for April 24-25. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign cost the Allies approximately 45,000 killed and up to 200,000 wounded, the Ottomans approximately 85,000 killed and 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Carsten Koall/Getty Images) (credit:Carsten Koall via Getty Images)
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ECEABAT, TURKEY - APRIL 23: Visitors from Australia commemorate between graves of mostly Australian soldiers who died during the Gallipoli Campaign at Shrapnel Valley Cemetery near Anzac Cove on April 23, 2015 near Eceabat, Turkey. Allied and Turkish representatives, as well as family members of those who served, will commemorate the 100th anniversary of the campaign with ceremonies scheduled for April 24-25. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign cost the Allies approximately 45,000 killed and up to 200,000 wounded, the Ottomans approximately 85,000 killed and 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Carsten Koall/Getty Images) (credit:Carsten Koall via Getty Images)
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ECEABAT, TURKEY - APRIL 23: A photograph lies beside a floral arrangementa among graves of mostly Australian soldiers who died during the Gallipoli Campaign at Shrapnel Valley Cemetery near Anzac Cove on April 23, 2015 near Eceabat, Turkey. Allied and Turkish representatives, as well as family members of those who served, will commemorate the 100th anniversary of the campaign with ceremonies scheduled for April 24-25. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign cost the Allies approximately 45,000 killed and up to 200,000 wounded, the Ottomans approximately 85,000 killed and 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Carsten Koall/Getty Images) (credit:Carsten Koall via Getty Images)
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WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND - APRIL 24: A soldier on horseback takes part in the Anzac Day eve street parade on April 24, 2015 in Wellington, New Zealand. The parade was organised to remember the centenary of the Gallipoli landings on April 25, 1915. (Photo by Hagen Hopkins/Getty Images) (credit:Hagen Hopkins via Getty Images)
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WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND - APRIL 24: Soldiers on horseback take part in the Anzac Day eve street parade on April 24, 2015 in Wellington, New Zealand. The parade was organised to remember the centenary of the Gallipoli landings on April 25, 1915. (Photo by Hagen Hopkins/Getty Images) (credit:Hagen Hopkins via Getty Images)
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WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND - APRIL 24: A pipe band marches during the Anzac Day eve street parade on April 24, 2015 in Wellington, New Zealand. The parade was organised to remember the centenary of the Gallipoli landings on April 25, 1915. (Photo by Hagen Hopkins/Getty Images) (credit:Hagen Hopkins via Getty Images)
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People visit the freshly restored Cenotaph, the venue for the Anzac Day dawn service at Martin Place in Sydney on April 24, 2015. Police vowed a heavy security presence as Australia prepares to honour its war dead at Anzac Day commemorations a week after an alleged terror plot was foiled. AFP PHOTO / Saeed KHAN (Photo credit should read SAEED KHAN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAEED KHAN via Getty Images)
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People visit the freshly restored Cenotaph, the venue for the Anzac Day dawn service at Martin Place in Sydney on April 24, 2015. Police vowed a heavy security presence as Australia prepares to honour its war dead at Anzac Day commemorations a week after an alleged terror plot was foiled. AFP PHOTO / Saeed KHAN (Photo credit should read SAEED KHAN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAEED KHAN via Getty Images)
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A wreath with a message is seen at the freshly restored Cenotaph, the venue for the Anzac Day dawn service at Martin Place in Sydney on April 24, 2015. Police vowed a heavy security presence as Australia prepares to honour its war dead at Anzac Day commemorations a week after an alleged terror plot was foiled. AFP PHOTO / Saeed KHAN (Photo credit should read SAEED KHAN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAEED KHAN via Getty Images)
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A wreath with a message is seen at the freshly restored Cenotaph, the venue for the Anzac Day dawn service at Martin Place in Sydney on April 24, 2015. Police vowed a heavy security presence as Australia prepares to honour its war dead at Anzac Day commemorations a week after an alleged terror plot was foiled. AFP PHOTO / Saeed KHAN (Photo credit should read SAEED KHAN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAEED KHAN via Getty Images)
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A soldier statue shines at the freshly restored Cenotaph, the venue for the Anzac Day dawn service at Martin Place in Sydney on April 24, 2015. Police vowed a heavy security presence as Australia prepares to honour its war dead at Anzac Day commemorations a week after an alleged terror plot was foiled. AFP PHOTO / Saeed KHAN (Photo credit should read SAEED KHAN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAEED KHAN via Getty Images)
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BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA - APRIL 24: Hundreds of Wreaths laid at the Anzac Square memorial and red poppies planted in the gardens. on April 24, 2015 in Brisbane, Australia. April 25th, 2015 will mark the Centenary of Australia and New Zealand's involvement in World War One. ANZAC Day commemorates this military service as well as subsequent wars, conflicts and peacekeeping operations. (Photo by Robert Shakespeare/Getty Images) (credit:Robert Shakespeare via Getty Images)
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BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA - APRIL 24: Brass sculptures of soldiers overlooking massive screens set up to show photos of war to the public. on April 24, 2015 in Brisbane, Australia. April 25th, 2015 will mark the Centenary of Australia and New Zealand's involvement in World War One. ANZAC Day commemorates this military service as well as subsequent wars, conflicts and peacekeeping operations. (Photo by Robert Shakespeare/Getty Images) (credit:Robert Shakespeare via Getty Images)
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BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA - APRIL 24: Hundreds of Wreaths laid at the Anzac Square memorial and red poppies planted in the gardens. on April 24, 2015 in Brisbane, Australia. April 25th, 2015 will mark the Centenary of Australia and New Zealand's involvement in World War One. ANZAC Day commemorates this military service as well as subsequent wars, conflicts and peacekeeping operations. (Photo by Robert Shakespeare/Getty Images) (credit:Robert Shakespeare via Getty Images)
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WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND - APRIL 24: Vintage vehicles travel down Lambton Quay during the Anzac Day eve street parade on April 24, 2015 in Wellington, New Zealand. The parade was organised to remember the centenary of the Gallipoli landings on April 25, 1915. (Photo by Hagen Hopkins/Getty Images) (credit:Hagen Hopkins via Getty Images)
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WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND - APRIL 24: Soldiers line up during the Anzac Day eve street parade on April 24, 2015 in Wellington, New Zealand. The parade was organised to remember the centenary of the Gallipoli landings on April 25, 1915. (Photo by Hagen Hopkins/Getty Images) (credit:Hagen Hopkins via Getty Images)
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WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND - APRIL 24: Soldiers dressed in WW1 replica uniforms look on during the Anzac Day eve street parade on April 24, 2015 in Wellington, New Zealand. The parade was organised to remember the centenary of the Gallipoli landings on April 25, 1915. (Photo by Hagen Hopkins/Getty Images) (credit:Hagen Hopkins via Getty Images)
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ECEABAT, TURKEY - APRIL 23: Australian school students from NSW pass the graves of mostly Australian soldiers who died during the Gallipoli Campaign at Shrapnel Valley Cemetery near Anzac Cove on April 23, 2015 near Eceabat, Turkey. Allied and Turkish representatives, as well as family members of those who served, will commemorate the 100th anniversary of the campaign with ceremonies scheduled for April 24-25. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign cost the Allies approximately 45,000 killed and up to 200,000 wounded, the Ottomans approximately 85,000 killed and 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Carsten Koall/Getty Images) (credit:Carsten Koall via Getty Images)
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A New Zealand's flag and flowers are seen near ANZAC soldiers grave stones at ANZAC cemetery near the ANZAC cove on April 23, 2015 in Canakkale before the ceremony celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Anzac Day. The April 25, 1915 landing of the Australian and New Zealand Army corps (ANZAC) at Gallipoli in modern-day Turkey has become a defining symbol of courage and comradeship for both nations. Each year thousands attend ANZAC day services marking the anniversary of the World War I campaign which took the lives of more than 10,000 New Zealand and Australian servicemen. AFP PHOTO / ADEM ALTAN (Photo credit should read ADEM ALTAN/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ADEM ALTAN via Getty Images)
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ECEABAT, TURKEY - APRIL 23: An Australian school student from NSW kneels in front of one grave stone of mostly Australian soldiers who died during the Gallipoli Campaign at Shrapnel Valley Cemetery near Anzac Cove on April 23, 2015 near Eceabat, Turkey. Allied and Turkish representatives, as well as family members of those who served, will commemorate the 100th anniversary of the campaign with ceremonies scheduled for April 24-25. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign cost the Allies approximately 45,000 killed and up to 200,000 wounded, the Ottomans approximately 85,000 killed and 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Carsten Koall/Getty Images) (credit:Carsten Koall via Getty Images)
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ECEABAT, TURKEY - APRIL 23: Australian school students from NSW look at grave stones of mostly Australian soldiers who died during the Gallipoli Campaign at Shrapnel Valley Cemetery near Anzac Cove on April 23, 2015 near Eceabat, Turkey. Allied and Turkish representatives, as well as family members of those who served, will commemorate the 100th anniversary of the campaign with ceremonies scheduled for April 24-25. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign cost the Allies approximately 45,000 killed and up to 200,000 wounded, the Ottomans approximately 85,000 killed and 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Carsten Koall/Getty Images) (credit:Carsten Koall via Getty Images)
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ECEABAT, TURKEY - APRIL 23: Australian school students from NSW pass the graves of mostly Australian soldiers who died during the Gallipoli Campaign at Shrapnel Valley Cemetery near Anzac Cove on April 23, 2015 near Eceabat, Turkey. Allied and Turkish representatives, as well as family members of those who served, will commemorate the 100th anniversary of the campaign with ceremonies scheduled for April 24-25. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign cost the Allies approximately 45,000 killed and up to 200,000 wounded, the Ottomans approximately 85,000 killed and 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Carsten Koall/Getty Images) (credit:Carsten Koall via Getty Images)
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ECEABAT, TURKEY - APRIL 23: A bracelet and Australian coins lying on a grave stone where mostly Australian soldiers who died during the Gallipoli Campaign at Shrapnel Valley Cemetery near Anzac Cove on April 23, 2015 near Eceabat, Turkey. Allied and Turkish representatives, as well as family members of those who served, will commemorate the 100th anniversary of the campaign with ceremonies scheduled for April 24-25. The Gallipoli land campaign, in which a combined Allied force of British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sought to occupy the Gallipoli peninsula and the strategic Dardanelles strait during World War I, began on April 25, 1915 against Turkish forces of the Ottoman Empire. The Allies, unable to advance more than a few kilometers, withdrew after eight months. The campaign cost the Allies approximately 45,000 killed and up to 200,000 wounded, the Ottomans approximately 85,000 killed and 160,000 wounded. (Photo by Carsten Koall/Getty Images) (credit:Carsten Koall via Getty Images)
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Members of a television crew work at the Anzac Cove beach cemetery and memorial site in Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey, Thursday, April 23, 2015. As world leaders gather with the descendants of the fighters in Gallipoli, the memories of one of the most harrowing campaigns of the 20th century have come surging back to life. The doomed Allied offensive to secure a naval route from the Mediterranean to Istanbul through the Dardanelles, and take the Ottomans out of the war, resulted in over 130,000 deaths on both sides. (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Australian students from the King's School Parramatta in Sydney pose for a group photograph at the Anzac Cove beach memorial site in Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey, Thursday, April 23, 2015. The memorial is engraved with a quote from the Turkish Republic's founder Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, paying tribute to the fallen servicemen from Australia and New Zealand. As world leaders gather with the descendants of the fighters in Gallipoli, the memories of one of the most harrowing campaigns of the 20th century have come surging back to life. The doomed Allied offensive to secure a naval route from the Mediterranean to Istanbul through the Dardanelles, and take the Ottomans out of the war, resulted in over 130,000 deaths on both sides. (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)